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Masked Frequency Modeling for Self-Supervised Visual Pre-Training

ICLR 2023 · Label-efficient and robust learning › Self-supervised and contrastive · approach: Masked autoencoder pretraining · 29 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Use random low-pass or high-pass frequency masking rather than no mask (ablation)MFM · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 76.5 -> 83.1Helped
Sample both low-pass and high-pass filters rather than use only one (ablation)MFM · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 82.4 -> 83.1; 82.3 -> 83.1Helped
Use a fixed mask radius of 16 rather than the tested alternatives (ablation)MFM · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 82.8; 82.7; 82.6; 83.0 -> 83.1Mixed
Use a circle mask rather than square or rhombus masks (ablation)MFM · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 82.9 -> 83.1; 82.8 -> 83.1Helped
Sample low-pass and high-pass filters with equal probability (ablation)MFM · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 82.5; 82.7 -> 83.1Helped
Predict only masked frequencies rather than the full spectrum (ablation)MFM · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 82.4 -> 83.1Helped
Use frequency loss with gamma 1 rather than frequency gamma 2 or spatial losses (ablation)MFM · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 82.5; 82.3; 82.2 -> 83.1Helped
Use a linear decoder rather than a Transformer decoder (ablation)MFM · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 83.0; 83.1; 83.1; 83.1 vs. 83.1No clear effect
Use frequency masking rather than spatial patch masking (ablation)MFM · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 82.8 -> 83.1; 77.7 -> 78.5Helped
Combine SR with denoising rather than use either corruption individually (ablation)ViT-B/16 pre-training · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 82.4; 82.7 -> 82.2Hurt
Combine deblurring with denoising rather than use either corruption individually (ablation)ViT-B/16 pre-training · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 81.7; 82.7 -> 82.5Hurt
Use MFM rather than MAEViT-B/16 · ADE20KmIoU: 48.1 -> 48.6Helped

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