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Agents Robust to Distribution Shifts Learn Causal World Models Even Under Mediation

NeurIPS 2025 · Multi-agent systems and games › Human-AI and goal-conditioned · approach: World-model-based agents · 0 citations (OpenAlex)

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Proves that agents robust to distribution shifts must have learned the causal model of their environment, even when actions affect the environment through mediating variables.

Problem

Whether agents that adapt to distribution shifts must learn causal world models, especially when the agent's actions affect the environment through mediation (common in real-world settings such as robotics).

Approach

Extends prior causal-world-model results to settings with mediation, proving that robustness to distribution shifts implies the agent has learned the environment's causal model even when actions influence the environment through mediating variables.

Key results

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