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Deep Reinforcement Learning from Human Preferences

NeurIPS 2017 · Reinforcement learning › RL from feedback · approach: Reward modeling versus direct optimization · 500 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Increase synthetic preference labels from 700 to 1400Preference-learned reward with RL · MuJoCo taskstrue reward: 700 -> 1400 labelsHelped
Use real human feedback instead of synthetic oraclePreference-learned reward · MuJoCo taskstrue rewardMixed
Ask humans to prefer upright robot on AntHuman feedback · Anttrue rewardHelped
Real human feedback on Atari vs synthetic labelsPreference-learned reward · Atarigame score: comparable to synthetic with 40% fewer labelsHurt
Human feedback on Enduro instead of A3C true rewardPreference-learned reward · Endurogame scoreHelped
Pick queries uniformly at random instead of by ensemble disagreement (ablation)Preference reward learning · MuJoCo and Ataritrue rewardMixed
Train only one predictor instead of ensemble (ablation)Preference reward learning · MuJoCo and Ataritrue rewardMixed
Gather queries only at start of training (offline) (ablation)Preference reward learning · Pongagent behaviorHurt
Predict absolute scores (target) instead of comparisons (ablation)Reward predictor · Continuous controltrue rewardHurt
Predict absolute scores (target) instead of comparisons (ablation)Reward predictor · Atarigame scoreNo clear effect
Use single frames instead of trajectory segments (no segments) (ablation)Reward predictor · MuJoCotrue rewardHurt
Remove l2 regularization, keep only dropout (ablation)Reward predictor · MuJoCo and Ataritrue rewardMixed

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