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Research map / Architectures and efficiency / RNNs and normalization

Memory-Efficient Backpropagation Through Time

NeurIPS 2016 · Architectures and efficiency › RNNs and normalization · approach: RNN training dynamics and gradients · 51 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Use dynamic programming to schedule caching and recomputation under a fixed memory budgetBPTT for RNNs · Sequence length 1000 (excluding input vectors)memory savings: 95%Helped
Use dynamic programming to schedule caching and recomputation under a fixed memory budgetBPTT for RNNs · Sequence length 1000training-iteration time: 33% moreHurt
Allow mixed hidden-state and internal-state memorization instead of restricting memorization to hidden states or internal states (ablation)BPTT-MSM · Long sequencescomputational costHelped
Use hidden-state-only memorization instead of internal-state-only memorization (ablation)BPTT-HSM versus BPTT-ISM · Long sequences at fixed memory capacitycomputational costHelped
Use internal-state-only memorization instead of hidden-state-only memorization (ablation)BPTT-ISM versus BPTT-HSM · Relatively short sequences at fixed memory capacitycomputational costHelped

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