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Assume-Guarantee Reinforcement Learning
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Proposes assume-guarantee reinforcement learning for networks of MDPs, solving local two-player Markov games (minimax-Q) per component whose values lower-bound the global DFA-specification satisfaction probability.
Problem
Synthesizing distributed controllers for networks of parallel MDP components with limited or no communication is computationally hard (undecidable for infinite horizons, NP-hard for fixed horizons), and monolithic RL over the joint system is prohibitively large.
Approach
Each component's controller is learned locally as a Markov game against an adversarial environment that makes worst-case assumptions about neighbors' DFA-labeled behavior; the product of local satisfaction values gives a provable lower bound on global satisfaction, and minimax-Q (deep variant) computes the local policies.
Key results
- In the multi-agent grid world, deep minimax-Q learning learns the optimal policies achieving satisfaction probability one, taking about 10 minutes of training.
- In room temperature control with 16 rooms, the learned policies reach empirical satisfaction probabilities reported with 95% confidence intervals from 1000 Monte-Carlo runs; training takes 10 minutes.
- Traffic light control with nine intersections trains in 100 minutes, with satisfaction probability evaluated via 1000 Monte-Carlo simulations per training checkpoint.
Measured effects reported in the paper
| What was changed | Where | Measured | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| learn policies with Minimax-Q or deep Minimax-Q | Assume-Guarantee RL · Multi-Agent Grid World | satisfaction probability | Helped |
Limitations
- Results are restricted to DFA specifications; extension to full LTL is future work.
- Requires access to labels of neighboring components and coarse Kripke abstractions of them.
- Lower bound may be conservative because it relies on worst-case assumptions and product of local values.
Experimental setup
Benchmarks: multi-agent grid world room temperature control traffic lights control (3x3 grid)
Metrics: probability of satisfaction (Monte-Carlo estimate with 95% c
Baselines: independent Q-learning no-communication policies
Builds on: minimax-Q learning Q-learning deep minimax-Q learning
Closest papers by meaning
- Distillation of RL Policies with Formal Guarantees via Variational Abstraction of Markov Decision Processes (AAAI 2022 · similarity 0.87)
- Reinforcement Learning for Reachability: Guaranteeing Asymptotic Optimality (ICML 2026 · similarity 0.86)
- Composable Modular Reinforcement Learning (AAAI 2019 · similarity 0.86)
- Oracle-Efficient Reinforcement Learning for Max Value Ensembles (NeurIPS 2024 · similarity 0.86)
- Incentivize without Bonus: Provably Efficient Model-based Online Multi-agent RL for Markov Games (ICML 2025 · similarity 0.85)
- Is Inverse Reinforcement Learning Harder than Standard Reinforcement Learning? A Theoretical Perspective (ICML 2024 · similarity 0.85)
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