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PseudoSeg: Designing Pseudo Labels for Semantic Segmentation

ICLR 2021 · Label-efficient and robust learning › Semi-supervised learning · approach: Consistency training for semi-supervised segmentation · 205 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Use PseudoSeg with unlabeled data instead of supervised-only trainingDeepLabv3+ semantic segmentation · VOC12 low-data splitsmIoUHelped
Use image-level labels in PseudoSeg instead of unlabeled data alonePseudoSeg · VOC12 and COCO, all tested splitsmIoUHelped
Add COCO training and unlabeled dataSupervised baseline · VOC12 val, full labeled training setmIoU: 76.96 -> 77.40 (+0.44)Helped
Add COCO training, unlabeled data, and VOC9kSupervised baseline · VOC12 val, full labeled training setmIoU: 76.96 -> 78.20 (+1.24)Helped
Fuse decoder predictions with SGC maps using calibrated fusion (ablation)PseudoSeg pseudo-label generation · VOC12 low-data splits, with and without image-level labelsmIoUHelped
Replace calibrated fusion with decoder-only pseudo labels (ablation)PseudoSeg pseudo-label generation · VOC12 low-data splitsmIoUHurt
Replace calibrated fusion with SGC-only pseudo labels (ablation)PseudoSeg pseudo-label generation · VOC12 low-data splitsmIoUHurt
Use hypercolumn features instead of the last feature maps (ablation)SGC pseudo-label refinement · VOC12 1/16 splitmIoUHelped
Use all predictions as soft pseudo labels rather than selecting confident predictions (ablation)PseudoSeg · VOC12 with image-level labelsmIoUHelped
Apply temperature sharpening to pseudo-label distributions (ablation)PseudoSeg · VOC12 with image-level labelsmIoU: 71.22 vs 68.15Helped
Use weaker color-jitter augmentation (ablation)PseudoSeg strong augmentation · VOC12 with unlabeled datamIoUHurt
Use geometric augmentations with STN alignment (ablation)PseudoSeg consistency training · Semantic segmentationmIoUNo clear effect

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