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The King Is Naked: On the Notion of Robustness for Natural Language Processing

AAAI 2022 · Adversarial robustness and security › Attacks on text and graphs · approach: Adversarial prompts for language models · 15 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Add shallow-negation augmentationLSTM · Shallow Negationaccuracy: 0.4771 ± 0.0143 -> 0.6387 ± 0.0387Helped
Add shallow-negation augmentationSelf-attention · Shallow Negationaccuracy: 0.4790 ± 0.0059 -> 0.5954 ± 0.0027Helped
Add mixed-sentiment augmentationLSTM · Mixed Sentimentaccuracy: 0.5110 ± 0.0251 -> 0.6357 ± 0.0317Helped
Add mixed-sentiment augmentationSelf-attention · Mixed Sentimentaccuracy: 0.5487 ± 0.0099 -> 0.5617 ± 0.0048No clear effect
Add sarcasm augmentationSelf-attention · Sarcasmaccuracy: 0.5240 ± 0.0132 -> 0.6236 ± 0.0218Helped
Add sarcasm augmentationLSTM · Sarcasmaccuracy: 0.5578 ± 0.0128 -> 0.4807 ± 0.0197Hurt
Increase augmentation factor from 500 to 750 (ablation)LSTM and self-attention models · Shallow Negation, Mixed Sentiment, and SarcasmaccuracyMixed
Increase augmentation factor to 1K or greater (ablation)All tested architectures · Semantic robustness tasksaccuracyHurt
Replace vanilla training with shallow-negation semantic augmentationNeural networks · Shallow Negation test setaccuracy: 0.4916 ± 0.0074 -> 0.5491 ± 0.0124Helped
Replace vanilla training with shallow-negation semantic augmentationNeural networks · SST-2 test setaccuracy: 0.9036 ± 0.0019 -> 0.8838 ± 0.0049Hurt
Use IBP training at ε=0.001 instead of vanilla training (ablation)FC · Shallow Negation (Our Benchmark)accuracy: 0.4034 ± 0.0214 -> 0.3852 ± 0.0071Hurt
Use IBP training at ε=0.01 instead of vanilla training (ablation)FC · Shallow Negation (Our Benchmark)accuracy: 0.4034 ± 0.0214 -> 0.4249 ± 0.0260Helped

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