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Diffusion-based super-resolution

Accelerate diffusion super-resolution with one-step distillation and residual shifting.

85 accepted papers at ICML, NeurIPS, ICLR, CVPR and AAAI (2023–2026) · an approach in Super-resolution, keyword cluster “image super · attention · resolution diffusion”

State History Benchmarks Tried Baselines Checklist Preprints Who Export

Where it stands

Still moving The best reported result is still improving on 6 of 6 tracked benchmarks.

22 papers in 2023–24 and 63 in 2025–26 (at ICML, NeurIPS, ICLR, CVPR and AAAI); its share of the topic grew, from 18.8% to 38.2%.

Open questions the data points to

How this is decided

A benchmark is tracked when at least four papers of this approach report their own method on the same dataset and metric in at least two different years. Its record is the best number reported up to 2024 compared with the best reported in 2025–26: still improving means at least 1% better, flat means at most 0.2% better with at least two papers from 2025–26 trying. Numbers on a different scale from the rest (a fraction among percentages) and far outliers are left out. Results come from different papers with different setups, so they are signals, not head-to-head comparisons. The share of papers is counted at ICML, NeurIPS, ICLR, CVPR and AAAI.

How it got here

2016: 0162017: 0172018: 0182019: 0192020: 0202021: 0212022: 0222023: 6232024: 16242025: 23252026: 4026

Most cited paper of each year

Earliest papers here

Benchmark records

The best number each year that beat every earlier one, among papers of this approach reporting their own method. Numbers are extracted by AI from each paper's text; check the paper before citing.

RealSR · CLIPIQA (higher is better)

10 papers, 2023–2025 · still improving

2023: 0.5962024: 0.7032025: 0.785
20232025

RealSR · PSNR (higher is better)

7 papers, 2024–2025 · still improving

2024: 25.152025: 26.44
20242025

DRealSR · PSNR (higher is better)

6 papers, 2024–2025 · still improving

2024: 27.922025: 28.31
20242025

RealSR · MUSIQ (higher is better)

6 papers, 2023–2025 · still improving

2023: 59.872024: 69.092025: 71.19
20232025

DRealSR · LPIPS (lower is better)

5 papers, 2024–2025 · still improving

2024: 0.2972025: 0.292
20242025

DrealSR · CLIPIQA (higher is better)

5 papers, 2024–2025 · still improving

2024: 0.6782025: 0.734
20242025

What has been tried

44 papers here report 500 measured changes (a component added, removed or swapped, compared with a baseline): helped 74%, no clear effect 2%, hurt 23%, mixed 1%. Papers mostly publish changes that helped, so "helped" is over-represented.

Ablations in recent papers

What was changedMeasured onResultEffectPaper
add the consistency-preserving ground-truth lossRealSet65 · CLIPIQA0.6822 -> 0.7150HelpedSinSR: Diffusion-Based Image Super-Resolution in a Single Step (CVPR 2024 · 167 citations)
add the residual structure rather than use no residual structureFFHQ 4× · PSNR25.49 -> 26.73HelpedResDiff: Combining CNN and Diffusion Model for Image Super-resolution (AAAI 2024 · 126 citations)
add the reference imageFastMRI · PSNR32.56 -> 33.78HelpedRethinking Diffusion Model for Multi-Contrast MRI Super-Resolution (CVPR 2024 · 64 citations)
Remove VSD lossRealSR · MUSIQ69.09 -> 65.23HurtOne-Step Effective Diffusion Network for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (NeurIPS 2024 · 62 citations)
Increase sampling from one step to multiple stepsImageNet-Test · PSNR24.66 -> 22.70HurtArbitrary-steps Image Super-resolution via Diffusion Inversion (CVPR 2025 · 45 citations)
Add the Ref image conditionSECOND 8× · LPIPS0.3115 -> 0.2886HelpedBuilding Bridges across Spatial and Temporal Resolutions: Reference-Based Super-Resolution via Change Priors and Conditional Diffusion Model (CVPR 2024 · 38 citations)
Decrease λpix from 1.0 to 0.5 while keeping λsem=1.0RealSR · PSNR25.50 -> 26.75HelpedPixel-level and Semantic-level Adjustable Super-resolution: A Dual-LoRA Approach (CVPR 2025 · 34 citations)
Add visual and perceptual guidanceM3FD infrared object detection · mAP31.2 -> 33.1HelpedDifIISR: A Diffusion Model with Gradient Guidance for Infrared Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2025 · 30 citations)
Use initial text recognition (TR) to provide text prior to IDMCTR-TSR-Test ×4 · ACC0.6342 -> 0.6811HelpedDiffusion-based Blind Text Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2024 · 29 citations)
Eliminate the VAE encoderDRealSR · PSNR27.97 -> 28.10HelpedAdversarial Diffusion Compression for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2025 · 26 citations)
Add Target Score Matching (TSM)DRealSR · DISTS0.2327 -> 0.2136HelpedTSD-SR: One-Step Diffusion with Target Score Distillation for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2025 · 26 citations)
add the alignment moduleRealPhoto60 · MUSIQ66.67 -> 72.74HelpedFaithDiff: Unleashing Diffusion Priors for Faithful Image Super-resolution (CVPR 2025 · 25 citations)

Baseline numbers that disagree

The same baseline on the same benchmark and metric, reported more than 5% apart by different papers here. Training budgets, data splits and reimplementations differ, so state which number you compare with.

BaselineBenchmarkMetricReportedPapers
SRDiffDIV2K 4×SSIM0.69 – 0.792 papers, e.g. AAAI 2024 and AAAI 2024
ResShift-4ImageNet-TestPSNR25.02 – 27.332 papers, e.g. CVPR 2025 and CVPR 2025

What reviewers will expect

Datasets and baselines named in the 27 papers of this approach from 2025–2026 that have a full-text summary. Leaving out the common ones is a frequent review question.

Datasets

  • RealSR · 14 of 27 papers
  • DIV2K · 11 of 27 papers
  • FFHQ · 10 of 27 papers
  • LSDIR · 10 of 27 papers
  • Flickr2K · 8 of 27 papers
  • DIV2K-Val · 8 of 27 papers
  • DRealSR · 7 of 27 papers
  • RealSet65 · 4 of 27 papers

Baselines

  • StableSR · 15 of 27 papers
  • SeeSR · 14 of 27 papers
  • DiffBIR · 13 of 27 papers
  • ResShift · 13 of 27 papers
  • OSEDiff · 11 of 27 papers
  • RealESRGAN · 10 of 27 papers
  • BSRGAN · 9 of 27 papers
  • PASD · 9 of 27 papers

Recent preprints

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    Who publishes on it

    Institutions on the most papers of this approach since 2023 (of 85 papers; from OpenAlex and the papers' affiliations).

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    Download BibTeX of 25 key papersOpen the topic in the interactive map

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    Same keyword cluster

    Elsewhere in the topic

    Benchmark numbers, ablations and baseline numbers are extracted by AI from each paper's full text and can be wrong; the paper is the authority. Data: results index of 2026-11-02, citation counts from OpenAlex (2026-10-09).

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