Research map / Image generation / Super-resolution
Diffusion-based super-resolution
Accelerate diffusion super-resolution with one-step distillation and residual shifting.
85 accepted papers at ICML, NeurIPS, ICLR, CVPR and AAAI (2023–2026) · an approach in Super-resolution, keyword cluster “image super · attention · resolution diffusion”
State History Benchmarks Tried Baselines Checklist Preprints Who Export
Where it stands
Still moving The best reported result is still improving on 6 of 6 tracked benchmarks.
22 papers in 2023–24 and 63 in 2025–26 (at ICML, NeurIPS, ICLR, CVPR and AAAI); its share of the topic grew, from 18.8% to 38.2%.
Open questions the data points to
- RealSR (CLIPIQA): best went from 0.703 (up to 2024) to 0.785 in 2025 — DP²O-SR: Direct Perceptual Preference Optimization for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (NeurIPS 2025 · 4 citations)
- RealSR (PSNR): best went from 25.15 (up to 2024) to 26.44 in 2025 — Uncertainty-guided Perturbation for Image Super-Resolution Diffusion Model (CVPR 2025 · 18 citations)
- DRealSR (PSNR): best went from 27.92 (up to 2024) to 28.31 in 2025 — Pixel-level and Semantic-level Adjustable Super-resolution: A Dual-LoRA Approach (CVPR 2025 · 34 citations)
- RealSR (MUSIQ): best went from 69.09 (up to 2024) to 71.19 in 2025 — TSD-SR: One-Step Diffusion with Target Score Distillation for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2025 · 26 citations)
- DRealSR (LPIPS): best went from 0.297 (up to 2024) to 0.292 in 2025 — Edge-SD-SR: Low Latency and Parameter Efficient On-device Super-Resolution with Stable Diffusion via Bidirectional Conditioning (CVPR 2025 · 3 citations)
- DrealSR (CLIPIQA): best went from 0.678 (up to 2024) to 0.734 in 2025 — TSD-SR: One-Step Diffusion with Target Score Distillation for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2025 · 26 citations)
- Papers report SRDiff on DIV2K 4× (SSIM) anywhere from 0.69 to 0.79: comparisons against it depend on whose number you take.
How this is decided
A benchmark is tracked when at least four papers of this approach report their own method on the same dataset and metric in at least two different years. Its record is the best number reported up to 2024 compared with the best reported in 2025–26: still improving means at least 1% better, flat means at most 0.2% better with at least two papers from 2025–26 trying. Numbers on a different scale from the rest (a fraction among percentages) and far outliers are left out. Results come from different papers with different setups, so they are signals, not head-to-head comparisons. The share of papers is counted at ICML, NeurIPS, ICLR, CVPR and AAAI.
How it got here
Most cited paper of each year
- 2023 · Implicit Diffusion Models for Continuous Super-Resolution (CVPR 2023 · 272 citations)
- 2024 · SinSR: Diffusion-Based Image Super-Resolution in a Single Step (CVPR 2024 · 167 citations)
- 2025 · Arbitrary-steps Image Super-resolution via Diffusion Inversion (CVPR 2025 · 45 citations)
- 2026 · Realism Control One-step Diffusion for Real-world Image Super Resolution (AAAI 2026 · 1 citation)
Earliest papers here
- Implicit Diffusion Models for Continuous Super-Resolution (CVPR 2023 · 272 citations)
- ResShift: Efficient Diffusion Model for Image Super-resolution by Residual Shifting (NeurIPS 2023 · 75 citations)
- Guided Depth Super-Resolution by Deep Anisotropic Diffusion (CVPR 2023 · 58 citations)
Benchmark records
The best number each year that beat every earlier one, among papers of this approach reporting their own method. Numbers are extracted by AI from each paper's text; check the paper before citing.
RealSR · CLIPIQA (higher is better)
10 papers, 2023–2025 · still improving
| Year | Best so far | Set by |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 0.596 | ResShift: Efficient Diffusion Model for Image Super-resolution by Residual Shifting (NeurIPS 2023 · 75 citations) |
| 2024 | 0.703 | Taming Diffusion Prior for Image Super-Resolution with Domain Shift SDEs (NeurIPS 2024 · 2 citations) |
| 2025 | 0.785 | DP²O-SR: Direct Perceptual Preference Optimization for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (NeurIPS 2025 · 4 citations) |
RealSR · PSNR (higher is better)
7 papers, 2024–2025 · still improving
| Year | Best so far | Set by |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 25.15 | One-Step Effective Diffusion Network for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (NeurIPS 2024 · 62 citations) |
| 2025 | 26.44 | Uncertainty-guided Perturbation for Image Super-Resolution Diffusion Model (CVPR 2025 · 18 citations) |
DRealSR · PSNR (higher is better)
6 papers, 2024–2025 · still improving
| Year | Best so far | Set by |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 27.92 | One-Step Effective Diffusion Network for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (NeurIPS 2024 · 62 citations) |
| 2025 | 28.31 | Pixel-level and Semantic-level Adjustable Super-resolution: A Dual-LoRA Approach (CVPR 2025 · 34 citations) |
RealSR · MUSIQ (higher is better)
6 papers, 2023–2025 · still improving
| Year | Best so far | Set by |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 59.87 | ResShift: Efficient Diffusion Model for Image Super-resolution by Residual Shifting (NeurIPS 2023 · 75 citations) |
| 2024 | 69.09 | One-Step Effective Diffusion Network for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (NeurIPS 2024 · 62 citations) |
| 2025 | 71.19 | TSD-SR: One-Step Diffusion with Target Score Distillation for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2025 · 26 citations) |
DRealSR · LPIPS (lower is better)
5 papers, 2024–2025 · still improving
| Year | Best so far | Set by |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 0.297 | One-Step Effective Diffusion Network for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (NeurIPS 2024 · 62 citations) |
| 2025 | 0.292 | Edge-SD-SR: Low Latency and Parameter Efficient On-device Super-Resolution with Stable Diffusion via Bidirectional Conditioning (CVPR 2025 · 3 citations) |
DrealSR · CLIPIQA (higher is better)
5 papers, 2024–2025 · still improving
| Year | Best so far | Set by |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 0.678 | Taming Diffusion Prior for Image Super-Resolution with Domain Shift SDEs (NeurIPS 2024 · 2 citations) |
| 2025 | 0.734 | TSD-SR: One-Step Diffusion with Target Score Distillation for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2025 · 26 citations) |
What has been tried
44 papers here report 500 measured changes (a component added, removed or swapped, compared with a baseline): helped 74%, no clear effect 2%, hurt 23%, mixed 1%. Papers mostly publish changes that helped, so "helped" is over-represented.
Ablations in recent papers
| What was changed | Measured on | Result | Effect | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| add the consistency-preserving ground-truth loss | RealSet65 · CLIPIQA | 0.6822 -> 0.7150 | Helped | SinSR: Diffusion-Based Image Super-Resolution in a Single Step (CVPR 2024 · 167 citations) |
| add the residual structure rather than use no residual structure | FFHQ 4× · PSNR | 25.49 -> 26.73 | Helped | ResDiff: Combining CNN and Diffusion Model for Image Super-resolution (AAAI 2024 · 126 citations) |
| add the reference image | FastMRI · PSNR | 32.56 -> 33.78 | Helped | Rethinking Diffusion Model for Multi-Contrast MRI Super-Resolution (CVPR 2024 · 64 citations) |
| Remove VSD loss | RealSR · MUSIQ | 69.09 -> 65.23 | Hurt | One-Step Effective Diffusion Network for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (NeurIPS 2024 · 62 citations) |
| Increase sampling from one step to multiple steps | ImageNet-Test · PSNR | 24.66 -> 22.70 | Hurt | Arbitrary-steps Image Super-resolution via Diffusion Inversion (CVPR 2025 · 45 citations) |
| Add the Ref image condition | SECOND 8× · LPIPS | 0.3115 -> 0.2886 | Helped | Building Bridges across Spatial and Temporal Resolutions: Reference-Based Super-Resolution via Change Priors and Conditional Diffusion Model (CVPR 2024 · 38 citations) |
| Decrease λpix from 1.0 to 0.5 while keeping λsem=1.0 | RealSR · PSNR | 25.50 -> 26.75 | Helped | Pixel-level and Semantic-level Adjustable Super-resolution: A Dual-LoRA Approach (CVPR 2025 · 34 citations) |
| Add visual and perceptual guidance | M3FD infrared object detection · mAP | 31.2 -> 33.1 | Helped | DifIISR: A Diffusion Model with Gradient Guidance for Infrared Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2025 · 30 citations) |
| Use initial text recognition (TR) to provide text prior to IDM | CTR-TSR-Test ×4 · ACC | 0.6342 -> 0.6811 | Helped | Diffusion-based Blind Text Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2024 · 29 citations) |
| Eliminate the VAE encoder | DRealSR · PSNR | 27.97 -> 28.10 | Helped | Adversarial Diffusion Compression for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2025 · 26 citations) |
| Add Target Score Matching (TSM) | DRealSR · DISTS | 0.2327 -> 0.2136 | Helped | TSD-SR: One-Step Diffusion with Target Score Distillation for Real-World Image Super-Resolution (CVPR 2025 · 26 citations) |
| add the alignment module | RealPhoto60 · MUSIQ | 66.67 -> 72.74 | Helped | FaithDiff: Unleashing Diffusion Priors for Faithful Image Super-resolution (CVPR 2025 · 25 citations) |
Baseline numbers that disagree
The same baseline on the same benchmark and metric, reported more than 5% apart by different papers here. Training budgets, data splits and reimplementations differ, so state which number you compare with.
| Baseline | Benchmark | Metric | Reported | Papers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRDiff | DIV2K 4× | SSIM | 0.69 – 0.79 | 2 papers, e.g. AAAI 2024 and AAAI 2024 |
| ResShift-4 | ImageNet-Test | PSNR | 25.02 – 27.33 | 2 papers, e.g. CVPR 2025 and CVPR 2025 |
What reviewers will expect
Datasets and baselines named in the 27 papers of this approach from 2025–2026 that have a full-text summary. Leaving out the common ones is a frequent review question.
Datasets
- RealSR · 14 of 27 papers
- DIV2K · 11 of 27 papers
- FFHQ · 10 of 27 papers
- LSDIR · 10 of 27 papers
- Flickr2K · 8 of 27 papers
- DIV2K-Val · 8 of 27 papers
- DRealSR · 7 of 27 papers
- RealSet65 · 4 of 27 papers
Baselines
- StableSR · 15 of 27 papers
- SeeSR · 14 of 27 papers
- DiffBIR · 13 of 27 papers
- ResShift · 13 of 27 papers
- OSEDiff · 11 of 27 papers
- RealESRGAN · 10 of 27 papers
- BSRGAN · 9 of 27 papers
- PASD · 9 of 27 papers
Recent preprints
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Who publishes on it
Institutions on the most papers of this approach since 2023 (of 85 papers; from OpenAlex and the papers' affiliations).
- Tsinghua University · 6 papers
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · 5 papers
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University · 5 papers
- Microsoft · 4 papers
- Saarland Informatics Campus · 4 papers
- Huawei · 3 papers
- Peking University · 3 papers
- Westlake University · 3 papers
- Alibaba Group · 2 papers
- Xidian University · 2 papers
Use it
Download BibTeX of 25 key papersOpen the topic in the interactive map
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Related approaches
Same keyword cluster
- Efficient lightweight super-resolution (101 papers)
- Perceptual and real-world SR (85 papers)
- CNN and transformer SR architectures (62 papers)
Elsewhere in the topic
- Real-world super-resolution (72 papers)
- Blind super-resolution (24 papers)
Benchmark numbers, ablations and baseline numbers are extracted by AI from each paper's full text and can be wrong; the paper is the authority. Data: results index of 2026-11-02, citation counts from OpenAlex (2026-10-09).
