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PseuZO: Pseudo-Zeroth-Order Algorithm for Training Deep Neural Networks

NeurIPS 2025 · Optimization › Optimizers · approach: Zeroth-order training methods · 3 citations (OpenAlex)

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Proposes PseuZO, a pseudo-zeroth-order training algorithm for deep neural networks aimed at reducing the dimension-dependent variance of existing zeroth-order gradient estimators.

Problem

Existing zeroth-order (ZO) gradient estimators for training and fine-tuning large models have dimension-dependent variance scaling (Theta(d)), which slows convergence and limits their use in memory-efficient LLM fine-tuning.

Approach

Introduces a pseudo-zeroth-order gradient estimation scheme for deep neural network training that avoids the dimension-dependent variance of standard ZO estimators; full details are not available in the provided text.

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