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Nearly Minimax Optimal Submodular Maximization with Bandit Feedback
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Proves the first minimax regret lower bound for submodular maximization with cardinality constraint under stochastic bandit feedback (robust greedy regret) and proposes Sub-UCB, which matches the bound up to logs for a restricted algorithm class.
Problem
Regret minimization when maximizing an unknown monotone submodular set function under cardinality constraint k with noisy bandit feedback; the known upper bounds scale as k n^{1/3} T^{2/3} while naive MAB gives sqrt(C(n,k) T), and the optimal dependence was unknown.
Approach
Defines robust greedy regret against epsilon-approximate greedy sets and shows a minimax lower bound interpolating between T^{2/3} and sqrt(C(n,k)T). The Sub-UCB algorithm runs an explore-then-commit greedy phase for the first k-L steps and then UCB over all size-k supersets of the greedy prefix, with L chosen from the lower bound.
Key results
- Lower bound: for any algorithm, sup_f E[R_gr] is at least order (k-i*)^{1/3} T^{2/3} n^{1/3} plus sqrt(C(n-k,i*) T), giving Omega~(min_L(L^{1/3} n^{1/3} T^{2/3} + sqrt(C(n,k-L) T))).
- Sub-UCB achieves regret O~(min_L (L n^{1/3} T^{2/3} + sqrt(C(n,k-L) T))), matching the lower bound for the restricted non-adaptive greedy-threshold class up to log factors.
- In experiments, Sub-UCB with stop level k-i* outperforms ETCG and naive UCB on size-k arms across horizons.
Measured effects reported in the paper
| What was changed | Where | Measured | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Use Sub-UCB with stop level k - i* instead of ETCG | Submodular bandit optimization · Experiments (weighted set cover and unique greedy path) | regret | Helped |
| Use Sub-UCB with stop level k - i* instead of UCB over all size-k arms | Submodular bandit optimization · Experiments, smaller T | regret | Helped |
| Use Sub-UCB with stop level k - i* instead of ETCG or naive UCB | Submodular bandit optimization · Experiments, increasing T | regret | Helped |
| Vary the greedy stop level (ablation) | Sub-UCB · Unique greedy path function, n=20 and k=5 | regret | Mixed |
| Choose the worst-case-optimal stop level k - i* rather than an instance-specific best stop level (ablation) | Sub-UCB · Unique greedy path function, n=20 and k=5 | regret | Mixed |
Surprising findings
- Common R_alpha regret with alpha=1-1/e can be a very loose lower bound on the greedy-based regret; a random selection can get zero or negative R_alpha regret on modular functions.
Limitations
- Gap of k^{2/3} between the general lower bound and the upper bound remains open
- Lower bound for general algorithms is weaker (L^{1/3}) than for the restricted class (L)
- Results only for cardinality constraints and monotone submodular functions; matroid and non-monotone cases are open
Experimental setup
Benchmarks: unique greedy path hard instance (n=20, k=5) weighted set cover (n=15, k=4)
Metrics: cumulative robust greedy regret
Baselines: ETCG (explore-then-commit greedy) UCB on all size-k arms
Builds on: UCB greedy algorithm (Nemhauser et al.) explore-then-commit greedy (ETCG)
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