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Revisiting Evaluation Metrics for Semantic Segmentation: Optimization and Evaluation of Fine-grained Intersection over Union

NeurIPS 2023 · Detection and segmentation › CNN features · approach: Context modeling for semantic segmentation · 10 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Add the DeepLabV3+ feature-aggregation branch to DeepLabV3DeepLabV3-ResNet101 · CityscapesmIoU^C: 69.09±0.06 -> 70.17±0.16Helped
Replace DeepLabV3-ResNet101 with UNet-ResNet101, which aggregates multi-scale features without an extra receptive-field moduleDeepLabV3-ResNet101 · CityscapesmIoU^C: 69.09±0.06 -> 68.78±0.09No clear effect
Use cross-entropy only instead of JML (ablation)DeepLabV3+-ResNet101 · CityscapesmIoU^C: 70.18±0.16 -> 67.61±0.12Hurt
Use cross-entropy only instead of JML (ablation)DeepLabV3+-ResNet101 · ADE20KmIoU^C: 46.52±0.30 -> 39.66±0.13Hurt
Optimize mIoU^D only rather than the equal mIoU^I/mIoU^C objective (ablation)DeepLabV3+-ResNet101 · CityscapesmIoU^D: 80.91±0.17 -> 81.22±0.27Helped
Optimize mIoU^D only rather than the equal mIoU^I/mIoU^C objective (ablation)DeepLabV3+-ResNet101 · CityscapesmIoU^C: 70.18±0.16 -> 68.97±0.19Hurt
Optimize mIoU^C only rather than the equal mIoU^I/mIoU^C objective (ablation)DeepLabV3+-ResNet101 · CityscapesmIoU^C: 70.18±0.16 -> 70.49±0.19Helped
Optimize mIoU^I only rather than the equal mIoU^I/mIoU^C objective (ablation)DeepLabV3+-ResNet101 · CityscapesmIoU^I: 76.21±0.05 -> 76.28±0.02Helped
Use a uniform mixture of mIoU^D, mIoU^I, and mIoU^C in JML (ablation)DeepLabV3+-ResNet101 · CityscapesmIoU^C: 70.18±0.16 vs 70.08±0.15No clear effect
Use a uniform mixture of mIoU^D, mIoU^I, and mIoU^C in JML (ablation)DeepLabV3+-ResNet101 · ADE20KmIoU^C: 46.52±0.30 vs 46.77±0.07No clear effect
Use per-image/per-class metrics instead of dataset-aggregated mIoUSemantic segmentation evaluation · Semantic segmentation datasetsbias toward large objectsHelped
Evaluate performance using only average metrics instead of corresponding worst-case metricsSemantic segmentation evaluation · PASCAL ContextmIoU^C^1: mIoU^C ranges from 46.00% to 60.17%; all models have 0% mIoU^C^1Mixed

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