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Why Do Better Loss Functions Lead to Less Transferable Features?

NeurIPS 2021 · Label-efficient and robust learning › Recognition and long-tail · approach: Contrastive representation theory · 1 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Replace softmax cross-entropy with alternative objectivesResNet-50 ImageNet pretraining · ImageNet ILSVRC 2012 valTop-1 accuracy: 77.0 -> 77.9Helped
Replace softmax cross-entropy with alternative objectivesResNet-50 fixed-feature transfer · Food-101Linear transfer accuracy: 74.6 -> 62.0Hurt
Pretrain with alternative objectives rather than softmaxResNet-50 fine-tuning · Transfer datasets averageAccuracy: 86.2 -> 86.4No clear effect
Lower cosine-softmax temperature from 0.05 to 0.01 (ablation)Cosine softmax ResNet-50 · ImageNet ILSVRC 2012 valTop-1 accuracy: 77.6 -> 74.9Hurt
Lower cosine-softmax temperature from 0.05 to 0.01 (ablation)Cosine softmax ResNet-50 · Food-101 linear transferAccuracy: 62.8 -> 73.4Helped
Raise cosine-softmax temperature from 0.01 to 0.08 (ablation)Cosine softmax ResNet-50 · Food-101 linear transferAccuracy: 73.4 -> 53.7Hurt
Combine alternative losses and final-layer regularizers (ablation)ResNet-50 ImageNet training · ImageNet holdout setTop-1 accuracy: 80.6; 80.6No clear effect
Add AutoAugment to training (ablation)Softmax ResNet-50 · ImageNetTop-1 accuracy: 77.0 ± 0.06 -> 77.7 ± 0.05Helped
Increase class separation through alternative objectivesImageNet-pretrained fixed features · Natural image transfer tasksLinear transfer accuracy: Spearman's ρ = -0.93Hurt
Use alternative objectives instead of softmax cross-entropyResNet-50 ImageNet pretraining · ImageNet-V2Accuracy: 65.0 ± 0.1 -> 65.9 ± 0.1Helped

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