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R-FCN: Object Detection via Region-based Fully Convolutional Networks

NeurIPS 2016 · Detection and segmentation › CNN features · approach: Region-based and query-based detectors · 3,426 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Replace RoI pooling after conv5 with position-sensitive score maps (k=7x7) in R-FCN (ablation)ResNet-101 R-FCN · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%): 76.6 vs 68.9 for naive Faster R-CNN at 7x7 RoI outputHelped
Remove position sensitivity (k=1, global pooling per RoI) (ablation)R-FCN · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%): does not converge (fail) vs 76.6 with k=7x7Hurt
Increase position-sensitive grid from 3x3 to 7x7 (ablation)R-FCN · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%): 75.5 to 76.6Helped
Use à trous trick (stride 16 in conv5) instead of stride 32 (ablation)R-FCN ResNet-101 · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%): +2.6 mAP (74.0 to 76.6)Helped
Use 21-class class-specific RPN instead of class-agnostic RPN in naive settingFully convolutional detector with ResNet-101 · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%): 67.6 vs 76.4 for standard Faster R-CNNHurt
Replace Faster R-CNN per-RoI 10-layer subnetwork with R-FCN negligible per-RoI computationResNet-101 detector · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%) and test time: 79.5 vs 79.3 with OHEM; 76.6 vs 76.4 without; test 0.17 vs 0.42 s/imgNo clear effect
Use multi-scale training (scales 400-800)R-FCN ResNet-101 · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%): 79.5 to 80.5Helped
Pretrain on MS COCO before fine-tuning on VOCR-FCN multi-scale ResNet-101 · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%): 80.5 to 83.6Helped
Use deeper backbone ResNet-101 instead of ResNet-50R-FCN · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%): 77.0 (ResNet-50) to 79.5 (ResNet-101)Helped
Increase backbone depth from ResNet-101 to ResNet-152R-FCN · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%): 79.5 to 79.6No clear effect
Use OHEM with 300 RoIs during trainingR-FCN · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%): 76.6 to 79.5 (with OHEM 300 RoIs)Helped
Use OHEM with 2000 RoIs instead of 300R-FCN · PASCAL VOC 2007 testmAP (%): 79.3 vs 79.5 with 300 RoIsNo clear effect

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