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Spectrum Dependent Learning Curves in Kernel Regression and Wide Neural Networks

ICML 2020 · Learning theory and algorithms › Kernels and regression theory · approach: Neural tangent kernel analysis · 27 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Use the kernel eigenspectrum to predict learning curves by spectral modeKernel regression and NTK · Uniform hypersphere synthetic datamode-wise generalization errorHelped
Increase the training set sizeDot-product kernels, including NTK · Uniform hypersphere synthetic datamode-wise generalization errorMixed
Use a kernel spectrum that decays more rapidlyDot-product kernel regression · Uniform hypersphere synthetic datafrequency-dependent learning rateHelped
Increase explicit regularizationNTK kernel regression · Synthetic data on the spheremode-wise generalization errorHurt
Increase explicit regularizationGaussian kernel regression · Standard normal data in dimension 20generalization errorHurt
Train a finite-width neural network instead of using the infinite-width NTK predictionWide neural networks · Synthetic spherical-harmonic tasksgeneralization errorNo clear effect
Apply the NTK learning-curve theory to a discrete MNIST data measure3-layer NTK regression and neural network · MNIST subset of 8000 imagesgeneralization errorNo clear effect
Use the continuous approximation or replica saddle-point calculationKernel regression learning curves · General kernel regressionpredicted generalization errorNo clear effect
Increase the input dimension3-layer NTK kernel regression · Synthetic spherical-harmonic taskssample size needed to learn a frequency modeHurt
Increase the number of training samples across a frequency-mode thresholdDot-product kernels · Uniform hypersphere, p proportional to d^lmode-wise generalization errorMixed

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