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A Kernel Perspective for Regularizing Deep Neural Networks

ICML 2019 · Learning theory and algorithms › Kernels and regression theory · approach: Neural tangent kernel analysis · 34 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Combine the deformation penalty ∥f∥τ² with the adversarial perturbation penalty ∥f∥δ² instead of using either alone (ablation)VGG · MNIST 300 and 1k examplestest accuracy: 94.17 / 96.99; 94.42 / 97.13 -> 95.23 / 97.66Helped
Add spectral norm projection to ∥f∥τ² + ∥f∥δ² (ablation)VGG · MNIST 300 and 1k examplestest accuracy: 95.23 / 97.66 -> 95.20 / 97.60Mixed
Include deformed digits as training examples alongside ∥f∥τ² + ∥f∥δ² (ablation)VGG · MNIST 300 and 1k examplestest accuracy: 95.23 / 97.66 -> 95.53 / 97.56Mixed
Add a lower-bound gradient penalty to SN projection (ablation)VGG-11 · CIFAR10 1k, without augmentationtest accuracy: 46.70 -> 46.88Helped
Add a lower-bound gradient penalty to SN projection (ablation)ResNet-18 · CIFAR10 1k, with augmentationtest accuracy: 47.12 -> 48.73Helped
Use ∥∇f∥² instead of the gradient penalty on the loss (ablation)CIFAR10 classifiers · CIFAR10 1k, without augmentationtest accuracy: VGG-11: 43.88 -> 46.37; ResNet-18: 41.87 -> 44.97Helped
Combine ∥f∥δ² with spectral norm projection (ablation)3-layer CNN · Protein homology, no data augmentationauROC50: 0.577 -> 0.631Helped
Combine ∥f∥δ² with spectral norm projection (ablation)3-layer CNN · Protein homology, data augmentationauROC50: 0.611 -> 0.639Helped
Use spectral norm upper-bound regularization alone for adversarial robustnessVGG classifier · CIFAR10 under ℓ2-bounded adversariesrobust accuracyHurt
Combine SN constraints with a lower-bound strategy such as PGD-ℓ2VGG classifier · CIFAR10 under ℓ2-bounded adversariesrobustnessHelped
Use the adversarial perturbation penalty rather than the gradient penalty3-layer CNN · Protein homology detectionauROC50: 0.577 vs 0.566; 0.611 vs 0.598Mixed

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