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Towards K-means-friendly Spaces: Simultaneous Deep Learning and Clustering

ICML 2017 · Probabilistic and scientific modeling › Variational and generative sampling · approach: Tractable probabilistic models · 607 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
jointly optimize K-means structure with deep dimensionality reduction rather than train SAE then apply K-meansDCN · RCV1-v2, 4 Clust.NMI: 0.73 -> 0.76Helped
jointly optimize K-means structure with deep dimensionality reduction rather than train SAE then apply K-meansDCN · 20NewsgroupARI: 0.28 -> 0.34Helped
jointly optimize K-means structure with deep dimensionality reduction rather than train SAE then apply K-meansDCN · Raw MNISTNMI: 0.80 -> 0.81Helped
jointly optimize K-means structure with deep dimensionality reduction rather than train SAE then apply K-meansDCN · Pre-processed MNISTACC: 0.93 -> 0.95Helped
jointly optimize K-means structure with deep dimensionality reduction rather than train SAE then apply K-meansDCN · PendigitsNMI: 0.65 -> 0.69Helped
remove the reconstruction term from the jointly trained deep clustering objective (ablation)DCN · Synthetic nonlinear dataK-means clustering suitabilityHurt
use SAE training without K-means regularization instead of the DCN objective (ablation)SAE+KM · MNISTclustering performanceHurt
increase the clustering weight λ beyond an appropriate range (ablation)DCN · MNISTclustering performanceHurt
use layer-wise pre-training to initialize the network (ablation)DCN · Unsupervised clusteringoptimization effectivenessHelped
apply DCN instead of SAE+KM on 20NewsgroupDCN · 20NewsgroupNMI: 0.47 -> 0.48Helped

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