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Geometry of Neural Network Loss Surfaces via Random Matrix Theory

ICML 2017 · Learning theory and algorithms › Matrix and tensor methods · approach: Geometry of low-rank and SPD structure · 90 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Increase energy epsilon of critical point (more Wigner-like H1 noise) in Wishart+Wigner Hessian approximationHessian spectrum (H0+H1) · Analytic spectral density, phi=1/4, 1/2, 3/4spectrum shape / negative eigenvaluesMixed
Increase phi (ratio of parameters to data points)Energy of minimizers in memorization task · tanh single-hidden-layer, n=16, random dataepsilon_c (energy of minimizers)Hurt
Use tanh nonlinearity instead of linear networkSingle-hidden-layer network energy of minimizers · memorization task, phi between 0 and 1epsilon_c functional formHelped
Model index scaling for small index: alpha ~ |eps-eps_c|^(3/2)Critical point index vs energy · tanh memorization experiments (~50k runs)index scaling exponentNo clear effect
Replace Wishart+Wigner by refined H1 product-Wishart plus sigma-restored MP H0 approximationHessian spectral approximation · Analytic, single-hidden-layer ReLUindex scaling exponentNo clear effect

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