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Large Associative Memory Problem in Neurobiology and Machine Learning

ICLR 2021 · Architectures and efficiency › RNNs and normalization · approach: Hebbian and predictive coding · 55 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Unfold the feature-only associative-memory model by adding hidden memory neurons with pairwise synapsesDense Associative Memory · Associative memorystorage capacityHelped
Use power-function hidden-neuron activation F(x)=x^nModel A · Associative memorystorage capacity: N_{\text{mem}}\sim \min(N_f^{n-1}, N_h)Helped
Use exponential hidden-neuron activation F(x)=\exp(x)Model A · Associative memorystorage capacity: exponential storage capacityHelped
Use quadratic hidden-neuron activation, corresponding to power n=2Model A · Associative memorymodel equivalenceNo clear effect
Use softmax contrastive normalization in the hidden layer and quadratic feature LagrangianGeneral two-layer network · Associative memorymodel equivalenceNo clear effect
Use spherical normalization in the feature layerGeneral two-layer network · Spherical Memorymodel formulationNo clear effect

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