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Rethinking Feature Distribution for Loss Functions in Image Classification

CVPR 2018 · Label-efficient and robust learning › Recognition and long-tail · approach: Loss design and classifier theory · 162 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Replace softmax-based classification loss with L-GM6-layer CNN · MNIST test, 2-D and 100-Derror rate (%): 1.30 $\pm$ 0.02 -> 1.17 $\pm$ 0.01; 0.43 $\pm$ 0.01 -> 0.39 $\pm$ 0.01Helped
Add a positive classification margin (α=1.0 instead of α=0) (ablation)L-GM on MNIST · MNIST test, 2-Derror rate (%): 1.44 $\pm$ 0.01 -> 1.17 $\pm$ 0.01Helped
Increase the margin from α=0 to α=1.0 (ablation)L-GM on MNIST · MNIST test, 100-Derror rate (%): 0.49 $\pm$ 0.01 -> 0.39 $\pm$ 0.01Helped
Replace softmax with L-GMResNet · CIFAR-10error rate (%): 8.75 $\pm$ 0.04 -> 7.21 $\pm$ 0.04; 6.97 $\pm$ 0.05 -> 5.61 $\pm$ 0.02; 6.43 $\pm$ 0.04 -> 4.96 $\pm$ 0.03Helped
Increase α from 0.1 to 0.2 (ablation)L-GM on CIFAR-100 without augmentation · CIFAR-100error rate (%): 23.74 $\pm$ 0.08 -> 23.04 $\pm$ 0.08Helped
Increase α from 0.2 to 0.3 (ablation)L-GM on CIFAR-100 without augmentation · CIFAR-100error rate (%): 23.04 $\pm$ 0.08 -> 23.80 $\pm$ 0.06Hurt
Increase α from 0.1 to 0.3 (ablation)L-GM on augmented CIFAR-100 · CIFAR-100+error rate (%): 20.94 $\pm$ 0.03 -> 20.76 $\pm$ 0.03Helped
Replace softmax with L-GMResNet-101 · ILSVRC2012 validation, 1-crop top-1error rate (%): 23.5$\pm$0.2 -> 22.7$\pm$0.2Helped
Increase α from 0.001 to 0.01 (ablation)L-GM face verification model · LFWaccuracy (%): 99.03 $\pm$ 0.03 -> 99.20 $\pm$ 0.03Helped
Use L-GM feature likelihood instead of softmax affinity for detectionMNIST classifier · MNIST adversarial verification, FGSM ε=0.3equal error rate (%): 37.7\% -> 3.1\%Helped
Generate adversarial examples with Targeted FGSM rather than FGSML-GM adversarial verification · MNIST adversarial verification, ε=0.3equal error rate (%): 3.1\% -> 4.3\%Hurt

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