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Active Convolution: Learning the Shape of Convolution for Image Classification

CVPR 2017 · Architectures and efficiency › CNN design · approach: Compact CNN architectures · 178 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Replace 3×3 convolutions with learnable-position ACUsPlain network · CIFAR-10 testerror rate: 8.01 -> 7.33Helped
Replace 3×3 convolutions with learnable-position ACUsPlain network · CIFAR-100 testerror rate: 27.85 -> 27.11Helped
Replace residual-block convolutions with ACUsBasic residual network · CIFAR-10 testerror rate: 8.01 -> 7.54Helped
Replace residual-block convolutions with ACUsBasic residual network · CIFAR-100 testerror rate: 30.06 -> 29.38Helped
Replace the bottleneck 3×3 convolution with an ACUBottleneck residual network · CIFAR-10 testerror rate: 7.64 -> 7.12Helped
Replace the bottleneck 3×3 convolution with an ACUBottleneck residual network · CIFAR-100 testerror rate: 27.93 -> 27.47Helped
Replace 3×3 convolutions with ACUsAlexNet · Place365-Standard validationtop-1 accuracy: 51.68 -> 52.28Helped
Replace 3×3 convolutions with ACUsAlexNet · Place365-Standard validationtop-5 accuracy: 81.29 -> 82.08Helped
Replace residual-block 3×3 convolutions with ACUsResNet26 · Place365-Standard validationtop-1 accuracy: 55.33 -> 55.71Helped
Replace residual-block 3×3 convolutions with ACUsResNet26 · Place365-Standard validationtop-5 accuracy: 85.24 -> 85.73Helped
Warm up with fixed synapse positions before learning positions and weights jointly (ablation)ACU networks · Benchmark dataclassification performance: 0.1%--0.2%Helped
Normalize position gradients to use their direction rather than magnitude (ablation)ACU networks · Image classification experimentstraining stability and result qualityHelped

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