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Co-Attending Free-Form Regions and Detections With Multi-Modal Multiplicative Feature Embedding for Visual Question Answering

AAAI 2018 · Vision-language and multimodal › Visual question answering · approach: Universal VQA models · 77 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Combine free-form region and detection-box attention with multiplicative feature embeddingDual-MFA · VQA test-std, open-ended Allaccuracy: 65.07 -> 66.09Helped
Combine free-form region and detection-box attention with multiplicative feature embeddingDual-MFA · COCO-QA test, Allaccuracy: 65.40 -> 66.49Helped
Use element-wise multiplication rather than addition for joint embedding of the three inputs (ablation)MFA single-branch attention · VQA validationaccuracy: 56.34 -> 59.01Helped
Add L2 normalization to the joint feature embedding (ablation)MFA single-branch attention · VQA validationaccuracy: 59.01 -> 59.18Helped
Use L2 normalization rather than unsigned power operation of 1/3 (ablation)MFA single-branch attention · VQA validationaccuracy: 58.93 -> 59.18Helped
Fuse the two attention-branch outputs by addition rather than multiplication (ablation)Dual-MFA · VQA validationaccuracy: 58.35 -> 59.82Helped
Fuse the two attention-branch outputs by addition rather than concatenation (ablation)Dual-MFA · VQA validationaccuracy: 58.53 -> 59.82Helped
Add the free-form region attention branch to the detection-only model (ablation)Dual-MFA · VQA validationaccuracy: 55.57 -> 59.82Helped
Add the detection-box attention branch to the free-form-only model (ablation)Dual-MFA · VQA validationaccuracy: 59.18 -> 59.82Helped
Replace MLB embedding with multiplicative feature embedding in both branches (ablation)Dual-MFA · VQA validationaccuracy: 59.07 -> 59.82Helped
Use MFA rather than QRU for detection-based single-branch attention (ablation)MFA-D · VQA validationaccuracy: 53.99 -> 55.57Helped
Use MFA rather than MLB for detection-based single-branch attention (ablation)MFA-D · VQA validationaccuracy: 54.89 -> 55.57Helped

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