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Tips and Tricks for Visual Question Answering: Learnings From the 2017 Challenge

CVPR 2018 · Vision-language and multimodal › Visual question answering · approach: Universal VQA models · 430 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Use bottom-up region features instead of 7×7 ResNet features (ablation)VQA model · VQA v2 validationVQA Score (All): 59.35 $\pm$0.10 -> 63.15 $\pm$0.08Helped
Add Visual Genome training data (ablation)Reference VQA model · VQA v2 validationVQA Score (All): 62.48 $\pm$0.15 -> 63.15 $\pm$0.08Helped
Keep balanced question pairs in the same minibatches (ablation)Reference VQA model · VQA v2 validationAccuracy over balanced pairs: 34.54 -> 34.66Helped
Use 300-dimensional pretrained GloVe for question words (ablation)Reference VQA model · VQA v2 validationVQA Score (All): 62.28 $\pm$0.06 -> 63.15 $\pm$0.08Helped
Use answer-specific pretrained text and image output embeddings (ablation)Reference VQA model · VQA v2 validationVQA Score (All): 62.64 $\pm$0.15 -> 63.15 $\pm$0.08Helped
Use sigmoid rather than softmax answer outputs (ablation)VQA model · VQA v2 validationVQA Score (All): 60.47 $\pm$0.08 -> 63.15 $\pm$0.08Helped
Train on soft annotator scores rather than binary targets (ablation)VQA model · VQA v2 validationVQA Score (All): 54.34 $\pm$0.19 -> 63.15 $\pm$0.08Helped
Use gated tanh rather than ReLU or tanh activations (ablation)VQA model · VQA v2 validationVQA Score (All): 61.63 $\pm$0.21 -> 63.15 $\pm$0.08Helped
Replace one-layer forward GRU with bag-of-words averaging (ablation)Question encoder · VQA v2 validationVQA Score (All): 63.15 $\pm$0.08 -> 62.53 $\pm$0.09Hurt
Use adaptive bottom-up regions rather than fixed K=36 (ablation)VQA model · VQA v2 validationVQA Score (All): 62.82 $\pm$0.14 -> 63.15 $\pm$0.08Helped
Increase answer-vocabulary frequency threshold from >8 to >10 (ablation)Output vocabulary · VQA v2 validationVQA Score (All): 63.15 $\pm$0.08 -> 63.30 $\pm$0.06No clear effect
Use two attention heads rather than one (ablation)Bottom-up attention VQA model · VQA v2 validationVQA Score (All): 63.15 $\pm$0.08 -> 63.10 $\pm$0.05No clear effect

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