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MMM: Multi-Stage Multi-Task Learning for Multi-Choice Reading Comprehension

AAAI 2020 · Large language models › Retrieval and knowledge · approach: Explanatory and multiple-choice QA benchmarks · 66 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
add the full MMM frameworkRoBERTa-Large · DREAM testaccuracy: 85.0 -> 88.9Helped
add second-stage multi-task learning with RACE (ablation)MMM · DREAM devaccuracy: 68.5 -> 72.6Helped
add second-stage multi-task learning with RACE (ablation)MMM · MC160 devaccuracy: 72.5 -> 86.7Helped
add first-stage NLI coarse-tuning (ablation)MMM · DREAM devaccuracy: 69.5 -> 72.6Helped
add first-stage NLI coarse-tuning (ablation)MMM · MC160 devaccuracy: 80.8 -> 86.7Helped
use MAN instead of FCNN (ablation)MMM · DREAM devaccuracy: 71.2 -> 72.6Helped
use MAN instead of FCNN (ablation)MMM · MC500 devaccuracy: 81.5 -> 83.5Helped
add speaker normalization (ablation)MMM · DREAM devaccuracy: 71.4 -> 72.6Helped
use sliding windows with overlap 256 (ablation)BERT-Base · TOEFLaccuracy: 50.0 -> 53.2Helped
use NLI rather than sentiment-analysis source-task tuningBERT-Base · DREAM devaccuracy: SST-2: 62.7; MultiNLI: 67.0Mixed
use MRQA as the span-based QA source taskBERT-Base transfer learning · DREAM devaccuracy: 63.2 -> 61.2Hurt
train RACE and target jointly rather than sequentiallyBERT-Base transfer learning · DREAM devaccuracy: 70.2 -> 70.7Helped

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