% Key papers for Offline black-box optimization with surrogates (scime atlas, https://atlas.scime.ai). Authors are not included: add them from the paper pages.

@inproceedings{aaai2020_an_102064,
  title = {{An ADMM Based Framework for AutoML Pipeline Configuration}},
  booktitle = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
  year = {2020},
  url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/5926},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2019_demystifying_58119,
  title = {{Demystifying Black-box Models with Symbolic Metamodels}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2019},
  url = {https://nips.cc/virtual/2019/poster/14121},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2020_sample_60776,
  title = {{Sample-Efficient Optimization in the Latent Space of Deep Generative Models via Weighted Retraining}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2020},
  url = {https://nips.cc/virtual/2020/poster/17774},
}

@inproceedings{iclr2023_discovering_33119,
  title = {{Discovering Evolution Strategies via Meta-Black-Box Optimization}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://iclr.cc/virtual/2023/poster/11005},
}

@inproceedings{icml2019_teaching_37786,
  title = {{Teaching a black-box learner}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = {2019},
  url = {https://icml.cc/virtual/2019/poster/3964},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2020_black_59472,
  title = {{Black-Box Optimization with Local Generative Surrogates}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2020},
  url = {https://nips.cc/virtual/2020/poster/18737},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2021_improving_61726,
  title = {{Improving black-box optimization in VAE latent space using decoder uncertainty}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2021},
  url = {https://nips.cc/virtual/2021/poster/26287},
}

@inproceedings{icml2019_gaining_37387,
  title = {{Gaining Free or Low-Cost Interpretability with Interpretable Partial Substitute}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = {2019},
  url = {https://icml.cc/virtual/2019/poster/3773},
}

@inproceedings{icml2020_population_38626,
  title = {{Population-Based Black-Box Optimization for Biological Sequence Design}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = {2020},
  url = {https://icml.cc/virtual/2020/poster/6792},
}

@inproceedings{iclr2019_neural_29116,
  title = {{Neural network gradient-based learning of black-box function interfaces}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year = {2019},
  url = {https://iclr.cc/virtual/2019/poster/849},
}

@inproceedings{aaai2017_learning_101087,
  title = {{Learning to Prune Dominated Action Sequences in Online Black-Box Planning}},
  booktitle = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
  year = {2017},
  url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/10663},
}

@inproceedings{icml2022_design_40441,
  title = {{Design-Bench: Benchmarks for Data-Driven Offline Model-Based Optimization}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = {2022},
  url = {https://icml.cc/virtual/2022/poster/17231},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2022_bidirectional_65352,
  title = {{Bidirectional Learning for Offline Infinite-width Model-based Optimization}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2022},
  url = {https://nips.cc/virtual/2022/poster/54796},
}

@inproceedings{icml2023_diffusion_42731,
  title = {{Diffusion Models for Black-Box Optimization}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://icml.cc/virtual/2023/poster/23745},
}

@inproceedings{aaai2023_high_3837,
  title = {{High-Dimensional Dueling Optimization with Preference Embedding}},
  booktitle = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/26335},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2023_protes_68109,
  title = {{PROTES: Probabilistic Optimization with Tensor Sampling}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://nips.cc/virtual/2023/poster/71674},
}

@inproceedings{aaai2020_optimizing_101928,
  title = {{Optimizing Discrete Spaces via Expensive Evaluations: A Learning to Search Framework}},
  booktitle = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
  year = {2020},
  url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/5788},
}

@inproceedings{aaai2023_opt_4265,
  title = {{OPT-GAN: A Broad-Spectrum Global Optimizer for Black-Box Problems by Learning Distribution}},
  booktitle = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/26468},
}

@inproceedings{icml2023_generative_43081,
  title = {{Generative Pretraining for Black-Box Optimization}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://icml.cc/virtual/2023/poster/23813},
}

@inproceedings{aaai2017_a_104459,
  title = {{A Nearly-Black-Box Online Algorithm for Joint Parameter and State Estimation in Temporal Models}},
  booktitle = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
  year = {2017},
  url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/10836},
}

@inproceedings{iclr2024_symbol_35534,
  title = {{SYMBOL: Generating Flexible Black-Box Optimizers through Symbolic Equation Learning}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year = {2024},
  url = {https://iclr.cc/virtual/2024/poster/17539},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2025_root_77066,
  title = {{ROOT: Rethinking Offline Optimization as Distributional Translation via Probabilistic Bridge}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=QFuuxfmqb5},
}

@inproceedings{aaai2026_valiant_104205,
  title = {{VALIANT: Prompt Instability for Active Learning in Black-Box Medical Imaging}},
  booktitle = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/37734},
}

@inproceedings{aaai2025_black_8272,
  title = {{Black-Box Optimization with Implicit Constraints for Public Policy}},
  booktitle = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/35074},
}

@inproceedings{aaai2025_disco_8752,
  title = {{DisCo-DSO: Coupling Discrete and Continuous Optimization for Efficient Generative Design in Hybrid Spaces}},
  booktitle = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/34919},
}

@inproceedings{aaai2025_kernel_9637,
  title = {{Kernel Learning for Sample Constrained Black-Box Optimization}},
  booktitle = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/34215},
}

@inproceedings{icml2024_boosting_44761,
  title = {{Boosting Offline Optimizers with Surrogate Sensitivity}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = {2024},
  url = {https://icml.cc/virtual/2024/poster/33691},
}

@inproceedings{icml2024_learning_45303,
  title = {{Learning Surrogates for Offline Black-Box Optimization via Gradient Matching}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = {2024},
  url = {https://icml.cc/virtual/2024/poster/33149},
}

@inproceedings{icml2025_towards_47086,
  title = {{Towards Universal Offline Black-Box Optimization via Learning Language Model Embeddings}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://icml.cc/virtual/2025/poster/45500},
}

@inproceedings{icml2026_support_50284,
  title = {{Support-Proximity Augmented Diffusion Estimation for Offline Black-Box Optimization}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=AsRnPT3So3},
}

@inproceedings{icml2026_bridging_52554,
  title = {{Bridging Spherical Black-Box Optimizers}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=X9yKVwZ7if},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2025_designx_76072,
  title = {{DesignX: Human-Competitive Algorithm Designer for Black-Box Optimization}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=FAiIRMvIwy},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2025_amortized_78888,
  title = {{Amortized Active Generation of Pareto Sets}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=jNQ40aw5qL},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2025_neural_79440,
  title = {{Neural Evolution Strategy for Black-box Pareto Set Learning}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=pQ0D0vdjJv},
}

@inproceedings{iclr2025_neural_81356,
  title = {{Neural Exploratory Landscape Analysis for Meta-Black-Box-Optimization}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://iclr.cc/virtual/2025/poster/30417},
}

@inproceedings{iclr2025_sharpness_83025,
  title = {{Sharpness-Aware Black-Box Optimization}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://iclr.cc/virtual/2025/poster/28779},
}

@inproceedings{iclr2025_offline_83702,
  title = {{Offline Model-Based Optimization by Learning to Rank}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year = {2025},
  url = {https://iclr.cc/virtual/2025/poster/28117},
}

@inproceedings{iclr2026_task_85135,
  title = {{Task-free Adaptive Meta Black-box Optimization}},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=AufVSUgMUo},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2026_in_91030,
  title = {{In-Context Black-Box Optimization with Unreliable Feedback}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://neurips.cc/virtual/2026/poster/154930},
}

@inproceedings{neurips2026_smile_92322,
  title = {{SMILE: Bridging Continuous Optimization and Discrete Symbolic Recovery}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://neurips.cc/virtual/2026/poster/152682},
}