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Gate to the Vessel: Residual Experts Restore What SAM Overlooks

NeurIPS 2025 · Architectures and efficiency › Mixture of experts · approach: Sparse MoE as regularization and attention · 0 citations (OpenAlex)

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Proposes FineSAM++, a structure-aware sparse mixture-of-experts framework that refines SAM segmentation outputs on fine-grained medical structures such as vessels using confidence-driven soft gating.

Problem

Foundation segmentation models like SAM generalize well on natural images but produce localized failures on fine-grained medical structures such as vessels with complex morphology and indistinct boundaries.

Approach

A residual sparse expert module that is gated by a confidence-driven soft gate to correct SAM outputs where SAM is uncertain, with structure-aware experts targeting vessel morphology.

Experimental setup

Builds on: Segment Anything

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