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Contrastive Learning with Data Misalignment: Feature Purity, Training Dynamics and Theoretical Generalization Guarantees

NeurIPS 2025 · Label-efficient and robust learning › Recognition and long-tail · approach: Contrastive representation theory · 0 citations (OpenAlex)

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Provides the first theoretical analysis of contrastive learning on image-text pairs with data misalignment, covering feature purity, training dynamics, and generalization guarantees.

Problem

Contrastive learning from image-text pairs is widely used, but its theoretical foundations are underexplored when image-text pairs are misaligned.

Approach

Theoretical analysis showing that ground-truth modality-paired features are amplified during training while spurious features are suppressed under data misalignment, with generalization guarantees.

Key results

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