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Tensorized Label Learning on Anchor Graph
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Proposes TLL-AG, a multi-view clustering model that factorizes per-view anchor graphs with orthogonal non-negative matrix factorization to get soft labels directly, and regularizes the stacked label tensor with tensor Schatten p-norm, optimized via ALM.
Problem
Graph-based multimedia/multi-view clustering needs costly post-processing to obtain labels from anchor graphs, and existing anchor-graph methods align cross-view labels pixel-by-pixel (F-norm), ignoring spatial/cross-view structure.
Approach
Decompose each view's anchor graph via G-orthogonal non-negative matrix factorization so the indicator matrix directly yields cluster labels, and impose a tensor Schatten p-norm on the stacked label tensor to capture complementary cross-view information.
Key results
- On MSRC, the method reaches ACC 0.986 and NMI 0.968, versus 0.981 ACC for the second-best MSC-BG.
- On Mnist4, ACC 0.981 and NMI 0.935 vs. 0.938 ACC for MSC-BG... ETLMSC reports 0.934 ACC, so the method leads all listed baselines.
- On NoisyMNIST (50,000 samples), ACC 0.605 vs. 0.388 for LMVSC; SMSC, ETLMSC and MSC-BG run out of memory on large datasets.
Measured effects reported in the paper
| What was changed | Where | Measured | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Use TLL-AG instead of MSC-BG | Multi-view clustering · MSRC | ACC: 0.981 -> 0.986 | Helped |
| Use TLL-AG instead of MSC-BG | Multi-view clustering · MSRC | NMI: 0.960 -> 0.968 | Helped |
| Use TLL-AG instead of ETLMSC | Multi-view clustering · HandWritten4 | ACC: 0.938 -> 0.982 | Helped |
| Use TLL-AG instead of MSC-BG | Multi-view clustering · HandWritten4 | NMI: 0.922 -> 0.962 | Helped |
| Use TLL-AG instead of MSC-BG | Multi-view clustering · Mnist4 | ACC: 0.938 -> 0.981 | Helped |
| Use TLL-AG instead of MSC-BG | Multi-view clustering · Mnist4 | NMI: 0.861 -> 0.935 | Helped |
| Use TLL-AG instead of MSC-BG | Multi-view clustering · Reuters | ACC: 0.640 -> 0.686 | Helped |
| Use TLL-AG instead of MSC-BG | Multi-view clustering · Reuters | NMI: 0.484 -> 0.554 | Helped |
| Use TLL-AG instead of FPMVS-CAG | Multi-view clustering · NoisyMNIST | ACC: 0.554 -> 0.605 | Helped |
| Use TLL-AG instead of FPMVS-CAG | Multi-view clustering · NoisyMNIST | NMI: 0.513 -> 0.593 | Helped |
| Vary the anchor rate (ablation) | TLL-AG · HandWritten4 and Mnist4 | Clustering metrics | Mixed |
| Vary the anchor rate (ablation) | TLL-AG · HandWritten4 and Mnist4 | Running time | Hurt |
Surprising findings
- Several baselines (SMSC, ETLMSC, MSC-BG) run out of memory on the large-scale Reuters and NoisyMNIST datasets.
Limitations
- Performance is sensitive to the anchor rate and to the hyperparameters beta and p, which must be tuned.
- Assumes shared cluster label structure across views via tensor low-rank regularization; the paper notes FMCNOF's similar assumption may over-fit.
Experimental setup
Datasets: MSRC HandWritten4 Mnist4 Reuters NoisyMNIST
Benchmarks: MSRC HandWritten4 Mnist4 Reuters NoisyMNIST
Metrics: ACC NMI Purity running time
Baselines: FMCNOF LMVSC GMC SMSC FPMVS-CAG ETLMSC MSC-BG
Builds on: FMCNOF anchor graph tensor Schatten p-norm G-orthogonal NMF augmented Lagrange multiplier
Closest papers by meaning
- Tensorized Label Learning Based Fast Fuzzy Clustering (AAAI 2025 · similarity 0.89)
- Tensorized Label Learning via Balanced Tensor Regression (AAAI 2026 · similarity 0.88)
- Embedded Feature Selection on Graph-Based Multi-View Clustering (AAAI 2024 · similarity 0.86)
- Large-scale Multi-view Tensor Clustering with Implicit Linear Kernels (CVPR 2025 · similarity 0.85)
- S2MVTC: a Simple yet Efficient Scalable Multi-View Tensor Clustering (CVPR 2024 · similarity 0.84)
- From Dictionary to Tensor: A Scalable Multi-View Subspace Clustering Framework with Triple Information Enhancement (NeurIPS 2024 · similarity 0.84)
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