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On Training Implicit Models

NeurIPS 2021 · Optimization › Optimizers · approach: Constrained and non-backprop training · 12 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
replace implicit differentiation with unrolling phantom gradient (UPG)MDEQ · CIFAR-10accuracy (%): 93.8 -> 95.0Helped
replace implicit differentiation with UPGMDEQ · ImageNetaccuracy (%): 75.3 -> 75.7Helped
replace implicit differentiation with UPGDEQ (PostLN) · Wikitext-103perplexity: 24.0 -> 25.7Hurt
replace implicit differentiation with UPG under Jacobian regularizationDEQ (PreLN) · Wikitext-103perplexity: 24.5 -> 24.4No clear effect
replace implicit differentiation with UPGIGNN · COX2 / PROTEINS / PPIaccuracy / Micro-F1: PPI 97.6 -> 98.2; COX2 84.1 -> 83.9No clear effect
increase damping factor lambda from 0.5 to 1.0 in UPG (ablation)IGNN · PPIMicro-F1 (%): 98.2 -> 96.2Hurt
add unrolled pretraining stage (ablation)MDEQ-Tiny implicit differentiation · CIFAR-10 ablation settingaccuracy (%): 82.3 -> 85.0Helped
add dropout (ablation)MDEQ-Tiny implicit differentiation · CIFAR-10 ablation settingaccuracy (%): 83.7 -> 85.0Helped
use Adam instead of SGD (ablation)MDEQ-Tiny implicit differentiation · CIFAR-10 ablation settingaccuracy (%): 84.5 -> 85.0Helped
use UPG phantom gradient instead of implicit differentiation (no dropout) (ablation)MDEQ-Tiny · CIFAR-10 ablation settingaccuracy (%): 85.0 -> 85.8Helped
use unrolling (UPG) instead of Neumann series (NPG) (ablation)phantom gradient · CIFAR-10 ablation settingaccuracy (%): 85.6 -> 85.8Helped
use 9 unrolling steps with dropout (ablation)UPG · CIFAR-10 ablation settingaccuracy (%): 85.8 -> 86.1Helped

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