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Research map / Architectures and efficiency / RNNs and normalization

Residual Networks Behave Like Ensembles of Relatively Shallow Networks

NeurIPS 2016 · Architectures and efficiency › RNNs and normalization · approach: Representation geometry and collapse · 596 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
delete any single layer at test time (ablation)VGG (15 layers) · CIFAR-10errorHurt
delete a single residual module at test time (ablation)ResNet-110 · CIFAR-10errorNo clear effect
delete increasing numbers of residual modules (ablation)ResNet-110 · CIFAR-10error: error remains around 0.2 after deleting 10Hurt
delete 20 modules (ablation)ResNet-110 · CIFAR-10errorHurt
reorder blocks by swapping k random pairs (ablation)ResNet-110 · CIFAR-10error vs Kendall TauHurt
train with only effective paths (23 of 54 modules per batch) (ablation)ResNet-110 · CIFAR-10test error (%): 6.10 -> 5.96No clear effect
train with stochastic depth (ablation)ResNet-110 · CIFAR-10 layer deletionresilienceHelped
sample path lengths and measure gradient (ablation)ResNet 54 blocks · CIFAR-10gradient normHurt

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