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Direct Feedback Alignment Provides Learning in Deep Neural Networks

NeurIPS 2016 · Architectures and efficiency › RNNs and normalization · approach: Backprop-free credit assignment · 294 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Add dropout to 2x800 Tanh network (ablation)DFA · MNISTtest error (%): 1.74 -> 1.45Helped
Add adversarial regularization to 2x800 Tanh network (ablation)DFA · MNISTtest error (%): 1.74 -> 1.02Helped
Increase depth to 100x240 Tanh (ablation)DFA vs BP/FA · MNISTconvergenceHelped
Add dropout to 3x1000 Tanh (ablation)DFA · CIFAR-10test error (%): 47.4 -> 42.9Helped
Add dropout to 3x1000 Tanh (ablation)FA · CIFAR-10test error (%): 47.0 -> 46.9No clear effect
Add dropout to 3x1000 Tanh (ablation)DFA · CIFAR-100test error (%): 75.9 -> 73.1Helped
Add dropout to 3x1000 Tanh (ablation)FA · CIFAR-100test error (%): 75.3 -> 75.3No clear effect
Use convolutional network instead of fully connectedDFA/FA vs BP · CIFAR-10test error (%): 22.5 -> 26.9Hurt
Use convolutional network instead of fully connectedDFA/FA vs BP · CIFAR-100test error (%): 51.7 -> 59.0Hurt
Replace Tanh with ReLU in 2x800 network (ablation)DFA · MNISTtest error (%): 1.74 -> 1.70No clear effect
Replace Tanh with Logistic in 2x800 network (ablation)DFA · MNISTtest error (%): 1.74 -> 1.75No clear effect
Increase depth from 1x800 to 4x800 (ablation)BP · MNISTtest error (%): 1.59 -> 1.92Hurt

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