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Optimal Sensor Scheduling and Selection for Continuous-Discrete Kalman Filtering with Auxiliary Dynamics

ICML 2025 · Probabilistic and scientific modeling › Dynamical systems · approach: Data assimilation from sparse observations · 0 citations (OpenAlex)

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Derives a differentiable upper bound on the mean CD-KF posterior covariance under Poisson measurement arrivals coupled to auxiliary state dynamics, enabling gradient-based joint optimization of sensor rates and auxiliary inputs, plus a Wasserstein-based deterministic schedule for measurement times.

Problem

Scheduling and selecting among multiple sensors with irregular, discrete measurements in continuous-discrete Kalman filtering when measurement costs and accuracy are coupled to auxiliary state dynamics (energy, position, radiation damage, fouling).

Approach

Model sensor measurements as independent Poisson processes with sensor-specific rates; bound the mean posterior covariance (and concave/convex auxiliary state mean) via ODEs, yielding a continuously differentiable finite-horizon optimal control problem over rates and auxiliary inputs; then convert optimized rates into deterministic measurement times by optimal quantization under the Wasserstein-2

Key results

Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of greedy measurement selectionRobot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damagecovariance trace mean: 2.60768 -> 1.90221Helped
use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of random constant-rate schedulingRobot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damagecovariance trace mean: 2.2275 -> 1.90221Helped
use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of sampled, lowest-cost schedulesRobot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damagecovariance trace mean: 1.92461 -> 1.90221Helped
use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of greedy measurement selectionRobot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damageenergy mean: -1.67343 -> 21.5435Helped
use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of random constant-rate schedulingRobot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damageenergy mean: -17.4417 -> 21.5435Helped
use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of sampled, lowest-cost schedulesRobot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damageenergy mean: 22.3106 -> 21.5435Hurt
use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of greedy measurement selectionRobot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damagedegradation mean: 0.193289 -> 0.0905529Helped
use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of random constant-rate schedulingRobot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damagedegradation mean: 0.792406 -> 0.0905529Helped
use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of sampled, lowest-cost schedulesRobot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damagedegradation mean: 0.0845751 -> 0.0905529Hurt

Limitations

Experimental setup

Metrics: trace of posterior covariance energy level degradation

Baselines: Random (Poisson with constant rate) Greedy scheduling M-Optimized (sampled Poisson realizations)

Builds on: continuous-discrete Kalman filter Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoothing Matérn state-space GP representation

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