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Optimal Sensor Scheduling and Selection for Continuous-Discrete Kalman Filtering with Auxiliary Dynamics
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Derives a differentiable upper bound on the mean CD-KF posterior covariance under Poisson measurement arrivals coupled to auxiliary state dynamics, enabling gradient-based joint optimization of sensor rates and auxiliary inputs, plus a Wasserstein-based deterministic schedule for measurement times.
Problem
Scheduling and selecting among multiple sensors with irregular, discrete measurements in continuous-discrete Kalman filtering when measurement costs and accuracy are coupled to auxiliary state dynamics (energy, position, radiation damage, fouling).
Approach
Model sensor measurements as independent Poisson processes with sensor-specific rates; bound the mean posterior covariance (and concave/convex auxiliary state mean) via ODEs, yielding a continuously differentiable finite-horizon optimal control problem over rates and auxiliary inputs; then convert optimized rates into deterministic measurement times by optimal quantization under the Wasserstein-2
Key results
- In the robot GP-regression example, the Optimized method achieves mean covariance trace 1.90 versus 2.23 for Random and 2.61 for Greedy.
- Optimized mean energy is 21.5 versus -1.67 for Greedy and -17.4 for Random, and mean degradation 0.091 versus 0.193 for Greedy and 0.792 for Random.
- Deterministic quantization-based scheduling performs similarly to M-Optimized (trace 1.90 vs 1.92) without sampling multiple realizations.
Measured effects reported in the paper
| What was changed | Where | Measured | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of greedy measurement selection | Robot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damage | covariance trace mean: 2.60768 -> 1.90221 | Helped |
| use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of random constant-rate scheduling | Robot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damage | covariance trace mean: 2.2275 -> 1.90221 | Helped |
| use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of sampled, lowest-cost schedules | Robot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damage | covariance trace mean: 1.92461 -> 1.90221 | Helped |
| use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of greedy measurement selection | Robot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damage | energy mean: -1.67343 -> 21.5435 | Helped |
| use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of random constant-rate scheduling | Robot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damage | energy mean: -17.4417 -> 21.5435 | Helped |
| use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of sampled, lowest-cost schedules | Robot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damage | energy mean: 22.3106 -> 21.5435 | Hurt |
| use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of greedy measurement selection | Robot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damage | degradation mean: 0.193289 -> 0.0905529 | Helped |
| use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of random constant-rate scheduling | Robot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damage | degradation mean: 0.792406 -> 0.0905529 | Helped |
| use deterministic quantization of the optimized measurement rates instead of sampled, lowest-cost schedules | Robot example with radiation damage · Robot example with radiation damage | degradation mean: 0.0845751 -> 0.0905529 | Hurt |
Limitations
- Covariance bound is only guaranteed along the mean auxiliary state; nonlinear or non-concave/convex auxiliary dynamics lack formal guarantees.
- Numerical direct collocation may not strictly satisfy constraints, and finer grids increase computational cost.
Experimental setup
Metrics: trace of posterior covariance energy level degradation
Baselines: Random (Poisson with constant rate) Greedy scheduling M-Optimized (sampled Poisson realizations)
Builds on: continuous-discrete Kalman filter Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoothing Matérn state-space GP representation
Closest papers by meaning
- Predictively-Oriented Kalman Filtering (NeurIPS 2026 · similarity 0.85)
- Implicit Maximum a Posteriori Filtering via Adaptive Optimization (ICLR 2024 · similarity 0.84)
- Max Entropy Moment Kalman Filter for Polynomial Systems with Arbitrary Noise (NeurIPS 2025 · similarity 0.83)
- TIDES: Implicit Time-Awareness in Selective State Space Models (NeurIPS 2026 · similarity 0.81)
- Christoffel-DPS: Optimal sensor placement in diffusion posterior sampling for arbitrary distributions (NeurIPS 2026 · similarity 0.81)
- Learning Dynamics under Environmental Constraints via Measurement-Induced Bundle Structures (ICML 2025 · similarity 0.81)
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