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Optimization-Induced Graph Implicit Nonlinear Diffusion

ICML 2022 · Graph learning › GNN architectures · approach: Oversmoothing and heterophily · 4 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
replace linear isotropic diffusion with nonlinear (tanh) diffusion (ablation)GIND · Cornell, Wisconsin, CiteSeermean accuracy (%): Cornell +2.34, Wisconsin +3.73, CiteSeer +0.19Helped
add Laplacian regularization R_Lap to the convex objective (ablation)GIND · Cora, CiteSeer, PubMedmean accuracy (%): Cora +0.08, CiteSeer +0.14, PubMed +0.20Helped
add feature decorrelation regularization R_Dec (ablation)GIND · Cora, CiteSeer, PubMedmean accuracy (%): Cora +0.04, CiteSeer +0.03, PubMed +0.06Helped
use GIND (nonlinear implicit diffusion) instead of EIGNNnode classification on heterophilic graphs · Squirrelmean accuracy (%): 46.37 -> 56.71Helped
use phantom gradient backward and variance normalization instead of exact-gradient implicit trainingGIND training · PubMed, 500 epochs, 1-layertraining time (s): 47.31 s vs EIGNN 1473.59 s totalHelped
GIND does not beat best explicit model GCNII on citation datasetsGIND · Cora, PubMed, PPIaccuracy / micro-F1: Cora 88.25 vs GCNII 88.49; PPI 98.4 vs GCNII 99.5Hurt

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