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Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?

ICML 2021 · Video › Action recognition · approach: Contrastive video representation learning · 1,464 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Use divided space-time attention instead of joint space-time attention (ablation)TimeSformer · Kinetics-400Video-level accuracy: 77.4 -> 78.0Helped
Use divided space-time attention instead of joint space-time attention (ablation)TimeSformer · Something-Something-V2Video-level accuracy: 58.5 -> 59.5Helped
Add temporal attention to space-only attention (ablation)TimeSformer · Something-Something-V2Video-level accuracy: 36.6 -> 59.5Helped
Use space-time rather than space-only positional embeddings (ablation)TimeSformer · Kinetics-400Video-level accuracy: 77.8 -> 78.0Helped
Use space-time rather than space-only positional embeddings (ablation)TimeSformer · Something-Something-V2Video-level accuracy: 52.5 -> 59.5Helped
Remove positional embeddings (ablation)TimeSformer · Kinetics-400Video-level accuracy: 78.0 -> 75.4Hurt
Remove positional embeddings (ablation)TimeSformer · Something-Something-V2Video-level accuracy: 59.5 -> 45.8Hurt
Increase model size from ViT-Base to ViT-Large (ablation)TimeSformer · Kinetics-400 and Something-Something-V2Accuracy: 1% worseHurt
Decrease model size from ViT-Base to ViT-Small (ablation)TimeSformer · Kinetics-400 and Something-Something-V2Accuracy: about 5% worseHurt
Increase patch size from 16 to 32 (ablation)TimeSformer · Kinetics-400 and Something-Something-V2Accuracy: about 3% worseHurt
Apply spatial attention before temporal attention (ablation)TimeSformer divided attention · Kinetics-400 and Something-Something-V2Accuracy: 0.5% dropHurt
Apply spatial and temporal attention in parallel instead of sequentially (ablation)TimeSformer · Kinetics-400 and Something-Something-V2Accuracy: 0.4% lowerHurt

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