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Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models

ICML 2021 · Image generation › Fast diffusion sampling · approach: Denoising diffusion probabilistic models · 411 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
increase diffusion steps from 1K to 4K (ablation)DDPM with linear schedule and L_simple · ImageNet 64×64NLL: 3.99 -> 3.77Helped
use the hybrid objective instead of L_simple (ablation)DDPM with 4K steps and linear schedule · ImageNet 64×64NLL: 3.77 -> 3.66Helped
use cosine instead of linear noise schedule (ablation)DDPM with 4K steps and L_simple · ImageNet 64×64FID: 31.3 -> 27.0Helped
use cosine instead of linear noise schedule (ablation)DDPM with 4K steps and L_simple · ImageNet 64×64NLL: 3.77 -> 3.68Hurt
optimize L_vlb instead of L_hybrid (ablation)DDPM with 4K steps and cosine schedule · ImageNet 64×64NLL: 3.62 -> 3.57Helped
optimize L_vlb instead of L_hybrid (ablation)DDPM with 4K steps and cosine schedule · ImageNet 64×64FID: 28.0 -> 56.7Hurt
increase diffusion steps from 1K to 4K (ablation)DDPM with linear schedule and L_simple · CIFAR-10NLL: 3.73 -> 3.37Helped
use cosine instead of linear noise schedule (ablation)DDPM with 4K steps and L_simple · CIFAR-10NLL: 3.37 -> 3.26Helped
use cosine instead of linear noise schedule (ablation)DDPM with 4K steps and L_simple · CIFAR-10FID: 2.90 -> 3.05Hurt
use L_hybrid instead of L_simple (ablation)DDPM with 4K steps and cosine schedule · CIFAR-10NLL: 3.26 -> 3.17Helped
optimize L_vlb instead of L_hybrid (ablation)DDPM with 4K steps and cosine schedule · CIFAR-10NLL: 3.17 -> 2.94Helped
optimize L_vlb instead of L_hybrid (ablation)DDPM with 4K steps and cosine schedule · CIFAR-10FID: 3.19 -> 11.47Hurt

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