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Responsive Safety in Reinforcement Learning by PID Lagrangian Methods

ICML 2020 · Reinforcement learning › Policy gradient and actor-critic · approach: Safety layers and shielding · 43 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Add proportional control to integral Lagrangian control (PI control) (ablation)Constraint-controlled PPO · Safety Gym, including DoggoGoal2 and DoggoButton1cost figure of meritHelped
Add proportional control to integral Lagrangian control (ablation)Constraint-controlled PPO · DoggoButton1episodic cost oscillationsHelped
Increase the integral-control learning rate to K_I=10^{-1} instead of using moderate K_I=10^{-3} (ablation)Integral-only constraint-controlled PPO · DoggoButton1returnsHurt
Add derivative cost control (ablation)Integral- and PI-controlled PPO · DoggoButton1cost overshootHelped
Add derivative cost control (ablation)Constraint-controlled PPO · DoggoButton1rate of cost increase within feasible regionsHelped
Use gradient-based objective scaling instead of leaving the cost objective unscaled (β=1) (ablation)PI-controlled PPO · PointGoal1 with reward scales 0.1, 1, and 10learning-dynamics consistency across reward scalesHelped
Use integral-only control instead of adding proportional control (ablation)Constraint-controlled PPO · Safety Gymcost oscillations and overshootHurt
Use fast integral control instead of PI control (ablation)Constraint-controlled PPO · DoggoButton1control stabilityHurt

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