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Learn to Grow: A Continual Structure Learning Framework for Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting

ICML 2019 · Continual learning › Continual fine-tuning of LLMs · approach: Low-rank and model-merging adaptation · 73 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Use explicit task-specific structure search with reuse, adaptation, and new-layer choicesLearn-to-Grow · Permuted MNIST (10 tasks)average accuracy (%): 98.48 vs 97.98Helped
Use explicit task-specific structure search with reuse, adaptation, and new-layer choicesLearn-to-Grow · Split CIFAR-100 (10 tasks)average accuracy (%): 76.21 vs 74.52Helped
Use learned structure growth rather than the Adapter baselineLearn-to-Grow · Visual Domain Decathlonaverage top-1 validation accuracy (%): 77.68 vs 76.02Helped
Keep reused layers fixed during retraining (ablation)Learn-to-Grow · Permuted MNIST (10 tasks)average accuracy (%): 98.29 -> 98.46Helped
Add L2 regularization when fine-tuning reused layers (ablation)Learn-to-Grow · Permuted MNIST (10 tasks)average accuracy (%): 98.29 -> 98.48Helped
Keep reused layers fixed during retraining (ablation)Learn-to-Grow · Split CIFAR-100 (10 tasks)average accuracy (%): 75.05 -> 75.31Helped
Add L2 regularization when fine-tuning reused layers (ablation)Learn-to-Grow · Split CIFAR-100 (10 tasks)average accuracy (%): 75.05 -> 76.21Helped
Force new parameters in the first layer and reuse the remaining layers (ablation)Learn-to-Grow · Permuted MNISTaverage accuracy over seen tasksHelped
Use new parameters in a different layer instead of the learned first-layer choice (ablation)Learn-to-Grow · Permuted MNISTaverage accuracy over seen tasksHurt
Fine-tune reused layers with a smaller learning rate and no regularization (ablation)Learn-to-Grow · Permuted MNISToverall accuracyNo clear effect
Fine-tune all shared backbone layers sequentially instead of learning task-specific structures (ablation)Visual Domain Decathlon · Visual Domain Decathlonclassification accuracyHurt

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