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Research map / Architectures and efficiency / RNNs and normalization

Ladder Capsule Network

ICML 2019 · Architectures and efficiency › RNNs and normalization · approach: Theory of depth and width · 17 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
replace dynamic routing with pruning layer + ladder layer (L-CapsNet)CapsNet · affNISTtest error (%): 21.0 -> 12.5 (K=70, 9x9 kernel)Helped
replace dynamic routing with pruning layer + ladder layer (L-CapsNet)CapsNet · MNISTtest error (%): 0.25 -> 0.50 (K=70, 9x9 kernel)Hurt
pruning to K=50 instead of K=70 most active capsules (ablation)L-CapsNet · MNISTtest error (%): 0.50 -> 0.74Hurt
pruning to K=100 instead of K=70 most active capsules (ablation)L-CapsNet · MNISTtest error (%): 0.50 -> 0.80Hurt
pruning to K=100 instead of K=70 most active capsules (ablation)L-CapsNet · affNISTtest error (%): 12.5 -> 13.2Hurt
pruning to K=50 instead of K=70 most active capsules (ablation)L-CapsNet · affNISTtest error (%): 12.5 -> 13.0Hurt
use 15x15 kernels instead of 9x9 in the L-CapsNet (ablation)L-CapsNet · affNISTtest error (%): K=70: 12.5 -> 12.2; K=50: 13.0 -> 12.5; K=100: 13.2 -> 13.1Mixed
use 15x15 kernels instead of 9x9 in the L-CapsNet (ablation)L-CapsNet · MNISTtest error (%): K=70: 0.50 -> 0.73 (worse); K=50: 0.74 -> 0.69 (better)Mixed
pruning layer (selecting K most active capsules) vs. full routing; reduces training time per iterationCapsNet · MNIST training time per iterationseconds: 1.732 (CapsNet r=3) -> 0.2034 (L-CapsNet K=50)Helped

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