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Supervised and Semi-Supervised Text Categorization using LSTM for Region Embeddings
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Measured effects reported in the paper
| What was changed | Where | Measured | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Use one-hot bidirectional LSTM with pooling instead of word-vector LSTM | LSTM text categorization · IMDB, Elec, RCV1, 20NG | error rate (%): 13.50 -> 8.14; 11.74 -> 7.33; 16.04 -> 11.17; 18.0 -> 13.32 | Helped |
| Use o-2LSTM-p instead of the strongest listed SVM 1–3grams or o-CNN baseline | Supervised text categorization · IMDB, Elec, 20NG | error rate (%): 8.39 -> 8.14; 7.64 -> 7.33; 13.64 -> 13.32 | Helped |
| Use o-2LSTM-p instead of o-CNN | Supervised text categorization · RCV1 | error rate (%): 9.17 -> 11.17 | Hurt |
| Add LSTM tv-embeddings learned from unlabeled data as additional input | o-2LSTM-p · IMDB, Elec, RCV1 | error rate (%): 8.14 -> 6.66; 7.33 -> 6.08; 11.17 -> 9.24 | Helped |
| Add CNN tv-embeddings to the LSTM model (ablation) | o-2LSTM-p with LSTM tv-embeddings · IMDB, Elec | error rate (%): 6.66 -> 5.94; 6.08 -> 5.55 | Helped |
| Add CNN tv-embeddings to the LSTM model (ablation) | o-2LSTM-p with LSTM tv-embeddings · RCV1 | error rate (%): 8.62 -> 8.52 | Helped |
| Add LSTM tv-embeddings to the CNN model (ablation) | o-CNN with CNN tv-embeddings · IMDB, Elec, RCV1 | error rate (%): 6.51 -> 6.05; 6.27 -> 5.87; 7.71 -> 7.15 | Helped |
| Use one-hot LSTM with pooling rather than word-vector LSTM with pooling (ablation) | LSTM text categorization · Elec | error rate (%): 10.90 -> 7.72 | Helped |
| Remove the input and output gates (ablation) | o-LSTM-p · Elec | error rate (%): 7.72 -> 7.68 | No clear effect |
| Remove the input and output gates (ablation) | o-LSTM-p · Elec | training time (seconds per epoch): 88 -> 48 | Helped |
| Add a backward LSTM direction (ablation) | o-LSTM-p; no i/o gates · Elec | error rate (%): 7.68 -> 7.33 | Helped |
| Add a second one-hot CNN region size | o-CNN · IMDB, Elec, 20NG | error rate (%): 8.14 -> 8.04; 7.33 -> 7.48; 13.32 -> 13.55 | Mixed |
Closest papers by meaning
- A New Method of Region Embedding for Text Classification (ICLR 2018 · similarity 0.89)
- Adaptive Region Embedding for Text Classification (AAAI 2019 · similarity 0.88)
- Revisiting LSTM Networks for Semi-Supervised Text Classification via Mixed Objective Function (AAAI 2019 · similarity 0.87)
- Repurposing Language Models into Embedding Models: Finding the Compute-Optimal Recipe (NeurIPS 2024 · similarity 0.84)
- NV-Embed: Improved Techniques for Training LLMs as Generalist Embedding Models (ICLR 2025 · similarity 0.84)
- Making Text Embedders Few-Shot Learners (ICLR 2025 · similarity 0.84)
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