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Recommendations as Treatments: Debiasing Learning and Evaluation

ICML 2016 · Probabilistic and scientific modeling › Treatment effects · approach: Proximal and deep causal effect estimation · 138 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
propensity-weighted (IPS/SNIPS) evaluation instead of naive average over observed entries (ablation)performance estimation of rating predictions and recommendations · ML100K semi-synthetic (alpha=0.25)MAE and DCG@50 estimation accuracyHelped
propensity-weighted matrix factorization (MF-IPS) instead of unweighted MFmatrix factorization rating prediction · Yahoo R3MSE and MAE on MCAR test set: MSE 1.891 to 0.989; MAE 1.154 to 0.810Helped
propensity-weighted matrix factorization (MF-IPS) instead of unweighted MFmatrix factorization rating prediction · CoatMSE and MAE on MCAR test set: MSE 1.202 to 1.093; MAE 0.920 to 0.860Helped
propensity-weighted MF with learned propensities instead of joint-likelihood HL MNAR modelmatrix factorization rating prediction · Yahoo R3MSE and MAE: MSE 2.175 to 0.989; MAE 1.177 to 0.810Helped
propensity-weighted MF instead of joint-likelihood HL MNAR modelmatrix factorization rating prediction · CoatMAE: MAE 0.884 to 0.860; MSE 1.214 to 1.093Helped
propensity-weighted MF (MF-IPS) instead of unweighted MF across MNAR severity levels (ablation)matrix factorization on semi-synthetic ML100K · ML100K semi-synthetic, experimental settingMSEHelped
SNIPS instead of IPS estimator (ablation)performance estimation · ML100K semi-syntheticMAE estimation variance and DCG@50 estimationMixed
SNIPS instead of IPS estimator (ablation)MSE estimation · ML100K semi-synthetic, varying alphaRMSE of MSE estimateHelped
propensity estimation via Naive Bayes instead of known propensities (IPS-NB vs IPS-KNOWN) (ablation)IPS estimator under observational setting · ML100K semi-synthetic, alpha=0.25MSE estimationHelped
degrading propensity estimate quality (smaller MCAR sample for Naive Bayes) (ablation)IPS/SNIPS evaluation and MF-IPS learning · ML100K semi-synthetic, alpha=0.25estimation error and MSENo clear effect
SNIPS vs Naive when MCAR (alpha=1) (ablation)performance estimation · ML100K semi-syntheticestimation errorNo clear effect

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