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Evaluating Model-Free Reinforcement Learning toward Safety-Critical Tasks

AAAI 2023 · Reinforcement learning › Policy gradient and actor-critic · approach: Safety layers and shielding · 23 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Combine penalty-based policy optimization with iterative safety projection (ablation)USL · SpeedLimitEpisodic cost rate (%): 38.87\pm15.50 -> 0.63\pm0.55Helped
Add Stage 2 iterative safety projection (ablation)USL · SpeedLimitEpisodic cost rate (%): 5.05\pm2.69 -> 0.63\pm0.55Helped
Add Stage 2 iterative safety projection (ablation)USL · PathTrackingEpisodic return: $242.32\pm 0.27$ -> $241.74\pm 0.80$Hurt
Add Stage 1 penalty-based optimization (ablation)USL · PathTrackingEpisodic return: $211.88\pm18.28$ -> $241.74\pm 0.80$Helped
Use USL rather than TD3TD3 · SpeedLimitEpisodic cost rate (%): $95.34\pm1.03$ -> $0.63\pm0.55$Helped
Use USL rather than TD3TD3 · StabilizationEpisodic cost rate (%): $12.89\pm4.08$ -> $0.00\pm0.00$Helped
Use USL rather than TD3TD3 · PathTrackingEpisodic cost rate (%): $48.40\pm9.49$ -> $0.17\pm0.18$Helped
Increase the penalty factor to a sufficiently large valueUSL · SpeedLimitEpisodic costNo clear effect
Set K=0, removing the post-projection iterations (ablation)USL · SpeedLimitCost returnHurt

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