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Research map / Image generation / Autoregressive and latent generation

Pixel Recurrent Neural Networks

ICML 2016 · Image generation › Autoregressive and latent generation · approach: Generative latent space tooling · 1,571 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Use a discrete softmax instead of MCGSM for pixel values (ablation)Row LSTM · CIFAR-10 validationnegative log-likelihood (bits/dim): 3.22 -> 3.06Helped
Add residual connections without skip connections (ablation)12-layer Row LSTM · CIFAR-10 validationnegative log-likelihood (bits/dim): 3.22 -> 3.07Helped
Add skip connections without residual connections (ablation)12-layer Row LSTM · CIFAR-10 validationnegative log-likelihood (bits/dim): 3.22 -> 3.09Helped
Use both residual and skip connections rather than neither (ablation)12-layer Row LSTM · CIFAR-10 validationnegative log-likelihood (bits/dim): 3.22 -> 3.06Helped
Increase the number of LSTM layers (ablation)Row LSTM with residual and skip connections · CIFAR-10 validationnegative log-likelihood (bits/dim): 3.30 -> 3.06Helped
Use Diagonal BiLSTM rather than Row LSTMPixelRNN · CIFAR-10 testnegative log-likelihood (bits/dim): 3.07 -> 3.00Helped
Use Row LSTM rather than PixelCNNPixel autoregressive model · CIFAR-10 testnegative log-likelihood (bits/dim): 3.14 -> 3.07Helped
Use Diagonal BiLSTM rather than PixelCNNPixel autoregressive model · CIFAR-10 testnegative log-likelihood (bits/dim): 3.14 -> 3.00Helped
Use Diagonal BiLSTM rather than Row LSTMPixelRNN · MNIST testnegative log-likelihood (nats): 80.54 -> 79.20Helped
Increase the Row LSTM from 1 to 12 layers with residual and skip connections (ablation)Row LSTM · CIFAR-10 validationnegative log-likelihood (bits/dim): 3.30 -> 3.06Helped

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