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Language-Agnostic Representation Learning of Source Code from Structure and Context

ICLR 2021 · Large language models › Language, safety and interpretability · approach: Text generation and evaluation metrics · 62 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Combine source-code context with AST structure (ablation)Code Transformer · Java-smallF1: 50.34 -> 52.22Helped
Combine source-code context with AST structure (ablation)Code Transformer · CSN Rubymicro F1: 27.72 -> 27.50No clear effect
Train jointly on four programming languages rather than oneCode Transformer · CSN Pythonmicro F1: 34.97 -> 36.18Helped
Train jointly on four programming languages rather than oneCode Transformer · CSN Rubymicro F1: 27.50 -> 31.24Helped
Use multilingual training without AST structure (ablation)Code Transformer · CSN Pythonmicro F1: 36.18 -> 33.80Hurt
Pre-train on multilingual masked language modeling before task fine-tuningCode Transformer · CSN Pythonmicro F1: 36.18 -> 37.35Helped
Pre-train on Java-medium and Java-large before Java-small fine-tuningCode Transformer · Java-smallF1: 52.22 -> 53.77Helped
Remove the pointer network (ablation)Code Transformer · CSN Gomicro F1: 51.34 -> 52.13Helped
Remove the pointer network (ablation)Code Transformer · CSN Pythonmicro F1: 34.55 -> 34.97Hurt
Combine sibling, ancestor, shortest-path, and Personalized PageRank AST distances (ablation)Structure-only Code Transformer without pointer network · Java-smallF1: 48.47 -> 48.75Helped
Use 16 or 64 bins instead of 32 (ablation)Code Transformer · Code summarizationperformanceNo clear effect
Fine-tune multilingual training on individual languagesCode Transformer · CSNmicro F1: 36.18 -> 35.98No clear effect

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