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A Unified Theory of Early Visual Representations from Retina to Cortex through Anatomically Constrained Deep CNNs

ICLR 2019 · Architectures and efficiency › CNN design · approach: Biologically inspired CNN explanation · 88 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Reduce retinal output channels from 32 to 1Retina-net + VVS-net · CIFAR-10 visual recognition and receptive-field formationRetinal RF geometryHelped
Reduce retinal output channels from 32 to 1Retina-net + VVS-net · CIFAR-10 visual recognition and receptive-field formationDownstream RF orientationHelped
Increase VVS-net depthRetina-net + VVS-net · CIFAR-10Retinal response linearityHelped
Increase VVS-net depthRetina-net + VVS-net · CIFAR-10Image reconstruction from retinal representationHelped
Increase VVS-net depthRetina-net + VVS-net · CIFAR-10Linear separability of object classes at retina outputHurt
Increase VVS-net depthRetina-net + VVS-net · CIFAR-10Image classification accuracyHelped
Increase retinal bottleneck channelsRetina-net + VVS-net · CIFAR-10Image classification accuracyHelped
Increase retinal bottleneck channelsRetina-net + VVS-net · CIFAR-10Retinal response linearityHurt
Use an untied locally connected retina-net rather than convolutional parameter tying (ablation)Retina-net + VVS-net · CIFAR-10Center-surround RF emergenceNo clear effect
Add local response normalization at every layer (ablation)Retina-net + VVS-net · CIFAR-10Center-surround retinal and oriented V1 RFsNo clear effect
Add local response normalization at every layer (ablation)Retina-net + VVS-net · CIFAR-10Image classification performanceHurt
Replace the trained nonlinear retina with its best linear convolutional approximation (ablation)Deep VVS-net with N_BN=1 · CIFAR-10Linear separability in the first VVS-net layerHelped

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