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Predicting the Generalization Gap in Deep Networks with Margin Distributions

ICLR 2019 · Label-efficient and robust learning › Recognition and long-tail · approach: Loss design and classifier theory · 120 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Use normalized margin-distribution quartiles across multiple layers with log-transformed features9-layer CNN generalization-gap predictor · CIFAR-10adjusted R^2: 0.72 -> 0.94Helped
Use normalized margin-distribution quartiles across multiple layers with log-transformed featuresResNet-32 generalization-gap predictor · CIFAR-10adjusted R^2: 0.44 -> 0.87Helped
Use normalized margin-distribution quartiles across multiple layers with log-transformed featuresResNet-32 generalization-gap predictor · CIFAR-100adjusted R^2: 0.95 -> 0.97Helped
Add margin normalization (ablation)Multi-layer margin predictor · CIFAR-10, CNNadjusted R^2: 0.89 -> 0.94Helped
Add margin normalization (ablation)Multi-layer margin predictor · CIFAR-10, ResNetadjusted R^2: 0.82 -> 0.87Helped
Add margin normalization (ablation)Multi-layer margin predictor · CIFAR-100, ResNetadjusted R^2: 0.95 -> 0.97Helped
Use log-transformed rather than linear features (ablation)Normalized multi-layer margin predictor · CIFAR-10, CNNadjusted R^2: 0.88 -> 0.94Helped
Use log-transformed rather than linear features (ablation)Normalized multi-layer margin predictor · CIFAR-10, ResNetadjusted R^2: 0.77 -> 0.87Helped
Use log-transformed rather than linear features (ablation)Normalized multi-layer margin predictor · CIFAR-100, ResNetadjusted R^2: 0.91 -> 0.97Helped
Use margin-distribution features from all sampled layers instead of one layer (ablation)Normalized multi-layer margin predictor · CIFAR-10, ResNetadjusted R^2: 0.44 -> 0.87Helped
Use quartile statistics rather than only one statistic per layer (ablation)Normalized multi-layer margin predictor · CIFAR-10, ResNetadjusted R^2: 0.53 -> 0.87Helped
Use quartile statistics rather than the first five moments (ablation)Normalized multi-layer margin predictor · CIFAR-10, CNNadjusted R^2: 0.93 -> 0.94No clear effect

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