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Mixed Precision Training
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Measured effects reported in the paper
| What was changed | Where | Measured | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Use mixed-precision training | CNNs including AlexNet, VGG-D, GoogLeNet, Inception v2/v3, and ResNet-50 · ILSVRC12 validation | top-1 accuracy: 56.77% -> 56.93%; 65.40% -> 65.43%; 68.33% -> 68.43%; 70.03% -> 70.02%; 73.85% -> 74.13%; 75.92% -> 76.04% | No clear effect |
| Add loss scaling (ablation) | Faster R-CNN mixed-precision training · Pascal VOC 2007 test | mAP: 68.6% -> 69.7% | Helped |
| Add loss scaling (ablation) | Multibox SSD mixed-precision training · Pascal VOC 2007 test | mAP: diverges -> 77.1% | Helped |
| Use mixed-precision training | DeepSpeech 2 English · WSJ '92 test | character error rate: 2.20 -> 1.99 | Helped |
| Use mixed-precision training | DeepSpeech 2 Mandarin · Mandarin internal test set | character error rate: 15.82 -> 15.01 | Helped |
| Maintain an FP32 master copy of weights for updates (ablation) | Mandarin speech recognition model · Mandarin speech training | relative accuracy: 80% | Helped |
| Omit the FP32 master copy of weights and update FP16 weights directly (ablation) | Mandarin speech recognition model · Mandarin speech training | relative accuracy: 80% | Hurt |
| Add loss scaling (ablation) | Multibox SSD · Pascal VOC 2007 test | mAP: diverges -> 77.1% | Helped |
| Add loss scaling with factor 128 (ablation) | bigLSTM language model · 1 billion word dataset | training perplexity | Helped |
| Use FP16 dot products with FP32 accumulation (ablation) | Mixed-precision neural network training · Various tasks | model accuracy | Helped |
| Use mixed precision rather than FP32 operations | DeepBench operations on Volta GPU · DeepBench | speedup: 2-6x | Helped |
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- Guaranteed Approximation Bounds for Mixed-Precision Neural Operators (ICLR 2024 · similarity 0.85)
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