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Research map / Architectures and efficiency / RNNs and normalization

Skip Connections Eliminate Singularities

ICLR 2018 · Architectures and efficiency › RNNs and normalization · approach: Representation geometry and collapse · 83 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Add skip connections from each layer to all higher layersFully connected networks · CIFAR-100 (coarse labels), trainingtraining accuracyHelped
Add identity skip connections between adjacent layersFully connected networks · CIFAR-100, trainingtraining accuracyHelped
Add randomized target-bias regularization30-layer fully connected networks · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, trainingtraining accuracyHelped
Replace identity skip connections with random dense orthogonal skip matrices (ablation)Residual networks · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, trainingtraining accuracyHelped
Subtract the identity matrix from the initial residual weights (ablation)Residual network · CIFAR-100, trainingtraining accuracyHurt
Reduce the orthogonality of the skip connectivity matrix (ablation)Residual networks · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, trainingtraining accuracyHurt
Increase correlations among skip vectors while keeping the skip-matrix eigenvalue spectrum fixed (ablation)Residual networks · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, trainingtraining accuracyHurt
Replace randomized target-bias regularization with standard l2 bias regularization (ablation)30-layer fully connected networks · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, trainingtraining accuracyNo clear effect
Add a batch normalization layer at layer 15 (ablation)BiasReg network · CIFAR-100, trainingtraining accuracyHelped

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