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SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restarts

ICLR 2017 · Optimization › Nonconvex and smooth optimization · approach: Stochastic gradient last-iterate analysis · 1,699 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Replace the default schedule with cosine warm restartsWRN-28-10 · CIFAR-10test error (%): 4.13 -> 4.03Helped
Replace the default schedule with cosine warm restartsWRN-28-10 · CIFAR-100test error (%): 20.21 -> 19.58Helped
Use a fixed 200-epoch period instead of doubling periods (ablation)SGDR on WRN-28-10 · CIFAR-10test error (%): 4.03 -> 3.86Helped
Use a fixed 200-epoch period instead of doubling periods (ablation)SGDR on WRN-28-10 · CIFAR-100test error (%): 19.58 -> 19.98Hurt
Start with a 1-epoch period and double periods (ablation)SGDR on WRN-28-10 · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100test error (%): 4.13 -> 4.09; 20.21 -> 19.74Mixed
Start with a 10-epoch period and double periods (ablation)SGDR on WRN-28-10 · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100test error (%): 4.13 -> 4.03; 20.21 -> 19.58Helped
Widen the network from WRN-28-10 to WRN-28-20 with SGDRSGDR · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100test error (%): 4.03 -> 3.74; 19.58 -> 18.70Helped
Ensemble three SGDR snapshots from one run instead of using one snapshot (ablation)SGDR on WRN-28-10 · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100test error (%): 4.03 -> 3.51; 19.57 -> 17.75Helped
Use three independent runs with three snapshots each (ablation)SGDR ensemble on WRN-28-10 · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100test error (%): 3.51 -> 3.25; 17.75 -> 16.64Helped
Increase the ensemble from three to 16 runs, retaining three snapshots per run (ablation)SGDR ensemble on WRN-28-10 · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100test error (%): 3.25 -> 3.14; 16.64 -> 16.21Helped
Take snapshots near the final epochs rather than before restarts (ablation)SGDR ensemble on WRN-28-10 · CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100test errorNo clear effect
Use SGDR instead of the default scheduleWRN-28-10 · Downsampled ImageNetanytime performanceHelped

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