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Scaling Up Your Kernels to 31x31: Revisiting Large Kernel Design in CNNs

CVPR 2022 · Architectures and efficiency › CNN design · approach: Large and dynamic kernel design · 81 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
replace 3×3 depth-wise kernels with 13×13 kernels while retaining identity shortcuts (ablation)MobileNet V2 · ImageNettop-1 accuracy: 71.76 -> 72.53Helped
replace 3×3 depth-wise kernels with 13×13 kernels after removing identity shortcuts (ablation)MobileNet V2 · ImageNettop-1 accuracy: 68.67 -> 53.98Hurt
add parallel 3×3 re-parameterization to 9×9 kernels (ablation)MobileNet V2 · ImageNettop-1 accuracy: 72.67 -> 73.09Helped
add parallel 3×3 re-parameterization to 13×13 kernels (ablation)MobileNet V2 · ImageNettop-1 accuracy: 72.53 -> 73.24Helped
add parallel 3×3 re-parameterization to 13×13 kernels (ablation)MobileNet V2 · CityscapesmIoU: 75.67 -> 76.60Helped
increase last-stage depth-wise kernel size from 3×3 to 13×13 (ablation)MobileNet V2 · CityscapesmIoU: 72.31 -> 74.62Helped
increase stage kernels from 13-13-13-13 to 31-29-27-13 (ablation)RepLKNet · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 83.02 -> 83.07No clear effect
increase stage kernels from 13-13-13-13 to 31-29-27-13 (ablation)RepLKNet · ADE20Ksingle-scale mIoU: 48.35 -> 49.17Helped
replace dense 9×9 depth-wise kernels with 3×3 depth-wise kernels at dilation 4 (ablation)MobileNet V2 · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 72.67 -> 57.23Hurt
replace dense 13×13 depth-wise kernels with 3×3 depth-wise kernels at dilation 6 (ablation)MobileNet V2 · ImageNet-1Ktop-1 accuracy: 72.53 -> 51.21Hurt
increase RepLKNet kernels from 3-3-3-3 to 31-29-27-13 (ablation)RepLKNet · ADE20Ksingle-scale mIoU: 46.05 -> 49.17Helped
replace ConvNeXt 7×7 kernels with 31-29-27-13 kernels (ablation)ConvNeXt-Tiny · ADE20Ksingle-scale mIoU: 44.6 -> 46.2Helped

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