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Exploring Self-Attention for Image Recognition

CVPR 2020 · Architectures and efficiency › Attention and transformers · approach: Sparse and structured attention · 958 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Replace convolution with pairwise self-attentionResNet-style ImageNet classifier · ImageNet val-originaltop-1 accuracy: 73.6 -> 74.9; 76.0 -> 76.6; 76.9 -> 76.9Helped
Replace convolution with patchwise self-attentionResNet-style ImageNet classifier · ImageNet val-originaltop-1 accuracy: 73.6 -> 77.1; 76.0 -> 78.0; 76.9 -> 78.2Helped
Use vector-valued relations rather than scalar dot-product attention (ablation)SAN10-pairwise · ImageNet val-splittop-1 accuracy: 77.0 -> 77.4Helped
Use concatenation instead of subtraction as the pairwise relation (ablation)SAN10-pairwise · ImageNet val-splittop-1 accuracy: 77.4 -> 76.4Hurt
Use concatenation instead of star-product for patchwise relations (ablation)SAN10-patchwise · ImageNet val-splittop-1 accuracy: 78.7 -> 79.3Helped
Use two-layer rather than one-layer attention mapping (ablation)SAN10-pairwise · ImageNet val-splittop-1 accuracy: 75.8 -> 77.4Helped
Use two-layer rather than one-layer attention mapping (ablation)SAN10-patchwise · ImageNet val-splittop-1 accuracy: 79.3 -> 79.3No clear effect
Keep φ, ψ, and β transformations distinct (ablation)SAN10-pairwise · ImageNet val-splittop-1 accuracy: 76.5 -> 77.4Helped
Keep φ, ψ, and β transformations distinct (ablation)SAN10-patchwise · ImageNet val-splittop-1 accuracy: 78.9 -> 79.3Helped
Increase pairwise footprint from 3×3 to 9×9 (ablation)SAN10-pairwise · ImageNet val-splittop-1 accuracy: 75.3 -> 77.8Helped
Increase patchwise footprint from 3×3 to 7×7 (ablation)SAN10-patchwise · ImageNet val-splittop-1 accuracy: 77.4 -> 79.3Helped
Use relative instead of no position encoding (ablation)SAN10-pairwise · ImageNet val-splittop-1 accuracy: 72.3 -> 77.4Helped

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