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On the Continuity of Rotation Representations in Neural Networks

CVPR 2019 · Point clouds › Point cloud classification · approach: Equivariant point cloud networks · 1,198 citations (OpenAlex)

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Measured effects reported in the paper

What was changedWhereMeasuredEffect
Use a continuous 6D rotation representation instead of discontinuous representationsRotation autoencoder · SO(3) rotation autoencodermean geodesic error: discontinuous representations can have up to 6 to 14 times higher mean errorsHelped
Use continuous 5D or 6D representations instead of quaternion, axis-angle, or Euler-angle representationsRotation autoencoder · SO(3) rotation autoencodermaximum geodesic error: up to 180$^\circ$ -> not higher than 2$^\circ$Helped
Use the continuous 6D representation instead of the tested rotation alternativesPoint-cloud rotation estimator · ShapeNet airplane point-cloud rotation estimationmean geodesic errorHelped
Use the continuous 6D representation instead of Euler anglesPoint-cloud rotation estimator · ShapeNet airplane point-cloud rotation estimationerrors below 5$^\circ$: around 95\% of errors lower than 5$^\circ$Helped
Use the continuous 6D representation instead of Euler anglesPoint-cloud rotation estimator · ShapeNet airplane point-cloud rotation estimationerrors above 25$^\circ$: around 10\% of errors higher than 25$^\circ$Helped
Reduce the representation from 6D to 5D using normalized stereographic projection (ablation)Point-cloud rotation estimator · ShapeNet airplane point-cloud rotation estimationmean geodesic errorHurt
Use the 5D representation instead of 3D or 4D representationsPoint-cloud rotation estimator · ShapeNet airplane point-cloud rotation estimationmean geodesic errorHelped
Use the continuous 6D representation instead of 3D or 4D representationsHuman-pose inverse-kinematics network · CMU Motion Capture Database test setpose reconstruction errorHelped
Reduce the representation from 6D to 5D using normalized stereographic projection (ablation)Human-pose inverse-kinematics network · CMU Motion Capture Database test setpose reconstruction errorNo clear effect
Use a 3×3 matrix output with orthogonalization only at test time instead of the 6D representationHuman-pose inverse-kinematics network · CMU Motion Capture Database test setpose reconstruction errorHurt
Use the 5D stereographic-projection representation instead of the 6D Gram-Schmidt representation (ablation)SO(3) rotation autoencoder · Rotation autoencodermean geodesic errorNo clear effect
Use continuous rotation representations instead of discontinuous onesRotation autoencoder · SO(3) rotation autoencoderconvergence speedHelped

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